Uso de mercurio para el beneficio de yacimientos secundarios de oro en época romana. ¿Realidad o ficción?
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Abstract
Una de las mayores controversias que suscita el estudio geoarqueológico de la minería aurífera romana se refiere al empleo de la
amalgama con mercurio (Hg) para la concentración de oro en yacimientos tipo placer, donde éste aparece libre, en forma de pequeñas
partículas o pepitas que se acumulan en el sedimento aurífero. A
pesar de que el uso y propiedades del mercurio fueron conocidas
en época romana, son escasos los trabajos realizados que permiten
establecer las condiciones en las que su empleo estaba justificado
en la recuperación y beneficio del oro procedente de yacimientos secundarios. En este artículo se ha realizado un estudio geoquímico de
suelos para establecer su empleabilidad en la recuperación de oro
en este tipo de explotaciones. Para ello, se ha analizado la concentración de Hg en los tramos de canal de lavado (agogae), donde se
realizaría la extracción de oro. Los resultados indican que las anomalías observadas están ligadas al acopio y su posterior uso, ya que
se concentran en los tramos inferiores de los canales. Esto confirma
el empleo de mercurio para el beneficio aurífero en yacimientos de
tipo placer, arrojando luz sobre los métodos metalúrgicos empleados en época romana
One of the major controversies in the geo-archaeological study of Roman gold mining concerns the use of mercury (Hg) amalgamation for gold concentration in placer-type deposits, where appears as native gold, in the form of small particles or nuggets that accumulate in the sediment. Despite the use and properties of Hg were known in Roman times, few studies have been focused on the conditions under which its use was justified in the recovery of gold from placer deposits. In this article a soil geochemical study has been conducted to confirm its use in the gold recovery process within this type of exploitations. To this end, the concentration of Hg was analyzed in sections of the washing channel (agogae), where the gold was extracted. The results indicate that Hg anomalies are associated with the collection and subsequent use of mercury, since they are concentrated in the lower sectors of the mine. This suggests the use of Hg for gold mining recovery in placer ore deposits, shedding light into the metallurgical methods used in Roman times
One of the major controversies in the geo-archaeological study of Roman gold mining concerns the use of mercury (Hg) amalgamation for gold concentration in placer-type deposits, where appears as native gold, in the form of small particles or nuggets that accumulate in the sediment. Despite the use and properties of Hg were known in Roman times, few studies have been focused on the conditions under which its use was justified in the recovery of gold from placer deposits. In this article a soil geochemical study has been conducted to confirm its use in the gold recovery process within this type of exploitations. To this end, the concentration of Hg was analyzed in sections of the washing channel (agogae), where the gold was extracted. The results indicate that Hg anomalies are associated with the collection and subsequent use of mercury, since they are concentrated in the lower sectors of the mine. This suggests the use of Hg for gold mining recovery in placer ore deposits, shedding light into the metallurgical methods used in Roman times







