Transformaciones diagenéticas e hidrotermales en depósitos marinos biogénicos (silíceos y carbonáticos; Níjar, Almería)
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Abstract
En este trabajo se aborda un estudio petrológico detallado de depósitos
diatomíticos con ópalos, intercalados con biocalcilutitas/biocalcarenitas
en dos secciones de la Cuenca de Níjar. Estos depósitos
se encuentran asociados a rocas volcánicas, o están atravesados por
venas opalinas hidrotermales. El objetivo es conocer la composición
de los depósitos y establecer las diferencias entre las transformaciones
diagenéticas y las hidrotermales. Las secciones estudiadas, por su
composición litológica (biomicritas ricas en microforaminíferos, diatomitas
y ópalos), ausencia de sapropeles y existencia de bioturbación,
podrían atribuirse a la unidad inferior del Miembro Abad (Messiniense
inferior). La diagénesis de las biomicritas y diatomitas provocó la formación
de nódulos y capas opalinas (transformación ópalo A- ópalo
CT), así como la aparición de calizas diagenéticas como consecuencia
de procesos de calcitización de diatomeas facilitados por la presencia
de CO2 y Ca provenientes de la silicificación de los microfósiles carbonáticos.
Las venas opalinas, que incluyen sepiolita, se interpretan
como relleno de fracturas y fallas por fluidos hidrotermales de baja
temperatura. La sepiolita precipitaría inicialmente siendo posteriormente
silicificada por ópalo. Este reemplazamiento de la sepiolita por
ópalo generó la fuente de Mg para la dolomitización de las capas
opalinas diagenéticas que son atravesadas por venas hidrotermales
A detailed petrological study of diatomites interlayered with biocalcilutites / biocalcarenites and opals (two sections) was performed in the Níjar Basin (SE Spain). The studied sections are associated with volcanic rocks, or they are crossed by faults and fractures with hydrothermal opaline veins. The objective of this work is to know the composition of the deposits, and to establish the differences between the diagenetic and hydrothermal transformations. The lithological composition of the sedimentary deposits (foraminifera-rich biomicrites, diatomites and opals), the absence of sapropels and the presence of bioturbation, could indicate that they can be attributed to the lower unit of the Abad Member (early Messinian). The diagenesis of biomicrites and diatomites caused the formation of opaline nodules and beds, by aging from opal A to opal CT. The silicification of carbonate microfossils produced the calcitization of the diatoms and the formation of diagenetic limestones because CO2 and Ca were released. The opal-sepiolite veins are interpreted as the result of regional low temperature hydrothermalism. Sepiolite was initially precipitated in fractures and faults, and was subsequently silicified by opal. The sepiolite-opal replacement generated the source of Mg for the dolomitization of the opaline diagenetic layers affected by hydrothermal veins
A detailed petrological study of diatomites interlayered with biocalcilutites / biocalcarenites and opals (two sections) was performed in the Níjar Basin (SE Spain). The studied sections are associated with volcanic rocks, or they are crossed by faults and fractures with hydrothermal opaline veins. The objective of this work is to know the composition of the deposits, and to establish the differences between the diagenetic and hydrothermal transformations. The lithological composition of the sedimentary deposits (foraminifera-rich biomicrites, diatomites and opals), the absence of sapropels and the presence of bioturbation, could indicate that they can be attributed to the lower unit of the Abad Member (early Messinian). The diagenesis of biomicrites and diatomites caused the formation of opaline nodules and beds, by aging from opal A to opal CT. The silicification of carbonate microfossils produced the calcitization of the diatoms and the formation of diagenetic limestones because CO2 and Ca were released. The opal-sepiolite veins are interpreted as the result of regional low temperature hydrothermalism. Sepiolite was initially precipitated in fractures and faults, and was subsequently silicified by opal. The sepiolite-opal replacement generated the source of Mg for the dolomitization of the opaline diagenetic layers affected by hydrothermal veins







