Concentración de iones mayoritarios en las aguas de la red fluvial de la cuenca del Guadalquivir y sus condicionantes geológicos
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Abstract
La cuenca de Guadalquivir, con 57184 km2 de superficie, posee unos
recursos hídricos renovables cifrados en 7091 hm3/año. La concentración de
los iones mayoritarios en las aguas de la red fluvial está condicionada principalmente por factores climáticos, antrópicos y geológicos. No obstante, son
estos últimos los que determinan la gran diversidad hidroquímica observada
en las tres grandes regiones geológicas de la cuenca: Sierra Morena, Depresión del Guadalquivir y Cordillera Bética. Las aguas de Sierra Morena se
caracterizan por su baja mineralización (CE ≈ 400 μS/cm) y el predominio
de los iones HCO3
-
, Ca2+ y Mg2+, aunque, en algunos ríos, la contaminación
minera e industrial origina aguas sulfatadas. En la Depresión del Guadalquivir, las aguas suelen ser de carácter salobre (CE ≈ 3000 μS/cm) y de tipo
clorurado-sódicas. Por último, en la Cordillera Bética los tipos hidroquímicos
son muy variados, desde aguas poco salinas de facies HCO3
-Ca-Mg en las
Zonas Internas y el Prebético a aguas ricas en SO4
2- y Ca2+ en las depresiones
intramontañosas y el Subbético
The Guadalquivir watershed, with an area of 57184 km2 , has renewable water resources estimated at 7091 hm3 /year. The concentration of the major ions in the waters of the fluvial network is conditioned mainly by climatic, anthropic and geological factors. However, geological factors determine the high hydrochemical diversity observed in the three main geological regions of this watershed: Sierra Morena, Guadalquivir Depression and Betic Cordillera. The waters of Sierra Morena are characterized by low mineralization (EC ≈ 400 μS/cm) and the predominance of HCO3 , Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions, although, in some rivers, mining and industrial pollution originates sulphated waters. In the Guadalquivir Depression, the waters are usually brackish (EC ≈ 3000 μS/cm) and sodium-chlorinated. Finally, in the Betic Cordillera the hydrochemical types are very varied, from slightly saline waters of HCO3 -Ca-Mg facies in the Internal and Prebetic zones to water rich in SO4 2- and Ca2+ in the intramontane basins and the Subbetic Zone
The Guadalquivir watershed, with an area of 57184 km2 , has renewable water resources estimated at 7091 hm3 /year. The concentration of the major ions in the waters of the fluvial network is conditioned mainly by climatic, anthropic and geological factors. However, geological factors determine the high hydrochemical diversity observed in the three main geological regions of this watershed: Sierra Morena, Guadalquivir Depression and Betic Cordillera. The waters of Sierra Morena are characterized by low mineralization (EC ≈ 400 μS/cm) and the predominance of HCO3 , Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions, although, in some rivers, mining and industrial pollution originates sulphated waters. In the Guadalquivir Depression, the waters are usually brackish (EC ≈ 3000 μS/cm) and sodium-chlorinated. Finally, in the Betic Cordillera the hydrochemical types are very varied, from slightly saline waters of HCO3 -Ca-Mg facies in the Internal and Prebetic zones to water rich in SO4 2- and Ca2+ in the intramontane basins and the Subbetic Zone







