Aspectos problemáticos del delito de tráfico de órganos
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Abstract
El delito de tráfico órganos (art. 156 bis CP) plantea considerables problemas de interpretación, tanto por lo que respecta a la identificación del bien jurídico protegido como en lo concerniente a la determinación de las conductas típicas. De acuerdo con la interpretación propuesta en este trabajo, el delito se orienta a la protección de un bien jurídico colectivo: las condiciones que garantizan el adecuado funcionamiento del sistema nacional de trasplantes, basado en los principios de altruismo, gratuidad y acceso universal. Por otra parte, se defiende una interpretación restrictiva de las conductas típicas, a fin de posibilitar la distinción entre grados de ejecución, así como entre autoría y participación. Finalmente, en materia de relaciones concursales, se considera, como conclusión más relevante, que entre este delito y los tipos agravados de lesiones debe apreciarse un concurso de delitos.
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The organ trafficking crime (art. 156 bis CP) poses some significant problems of interpretation, both concerning the identification of the legally protected interest as regarding the determination of the typified behaviours. According to the interpretation proposed in this paper, this particular crime is aimed at the protection of a collective legally protected interest: the conditions that ensure the proper functioning of the national transplant system, based on the principles of altruism, gratuitousness and universal access. Moreover, this paper argues that the interpretation of that typified behaviours must be strict, to enable the distinction between degrees of execution as well as between authorship and participation. Finally, in relation to concurrence issues, this research comes to the conclusion that there is a concurrence of crimes between organ trafficking and some aggravated injury crimes.
The organ trafficking crime (art. 156 bis CP) poses some significant problems of interpretation, both concerning the identification of the legally protected interest as regarding the determination of the typified behaviours. According to the interpretation proposed in this paper, this particular crime is aimed at the protection of a collective legally protected interest: the conditions that ensure the proper functioning of the national transplant system, based on the principles of altruism, gratuitousness and universal access. Moreover, this paper argues that the interpretation of that typified behaviours must be strict, to enable the distinction between degrees of execution as well as between authorship and participation. Finally, in relation to concurrence issues, this research comes to the conclusion that there is a concurrence of crimes between organ trafficking and some aggravated injury crimes.







