Sondeos surgentes en la zona de descarga de acuíferos costeros libres: efectos sobre la interfase agua dulce-agua salada
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Abstract
La presencia de flujos verticales en las zonas de descarga de acuíferos
costeros responde a una configuración específica y bastante común de los
patrones de flujo en estas áreas. En el acuífero costero Motril-Salobreña ha
sido constatado gracias a la perforación de un sondeo surgente cerca del
borde costero. Se han realizado diferentes modelos matemáticos de flujo en
3D con densidad variable mediante SEAWAT para reproducir los efectos de
la apertura del sondeo surgente sobre la configuración del flujo y la distribución
de salinidad en el entorno de la interfase agua dulce-agua salada. Los
resultados muestran un mejor ajuste a los datos observados (en el sondeo
surgente y en otros sondeos cercanos) cuando el sondeo es modelado como
un dren respecto a un bombeo. La afección principal detectada resulta determinante
en la distribución de salinidades, provocando una mayor expansión
de la zona de mezcla hacia el interior del acuífero y una intrusión de
agua salobre en el mismo sondeo. La disposición de los tramos filtrantes y
la altura piezométrica en el sondeo determinan las profundidades de mayor
aporte de agua surgente, junto con la anisotropía y heterogeneidad definida
en el modelo
The presence of vertical flow in the discharge zones of coastal aquifers is regarding to specific configuration and quiet common of the flow patterns in these areas. In Motril-Salobreña coastal aquifer it has been verified through the drilling of an artesian well near the shoreline. There have been several 3D mathematical flow models with variable density by SEAWAT to reproduce the effects of the opening of the artesian well on the flow configuration and salinity distribution around the saltwater-freshwater interface. Results show a better fit with observed values (in the artesian well and other nearby points) when the artesian well is modelled as a drain with respect to a pumping well.The main detected affection is determinant in the salinity distribution, causing further expansion of the mixing zone into the aquifer and intrusion of brackish water into the well. The distribution of the slotted intervals and the piezometric head in the drain well determine the depths of greatest contribution of the upwelling water, together with the defined anisotropy and heterogeneity in the model
The presence of vertical flow in the discharge zones of coastal aquifers is regarding to specific configuration and quiet common of the flow patterns in these areas. In Motril-Salobreña coastal aquifer it has been verified through the drilling of an artesian well near the shoreline. There have been several 3D mathematical flow models with variable density by SEAWAT to reproduce the effects of the opening of the artesian well on the flow configuration and salinity distribution around the saltwater-freshwater interface. Results show a better fit with observed values (in the artesian well and other nearby points) when the artesian well is modelled as a drain with respect to a pumping well.The main detected affection is determinant in the salinity distribution, causing further expansion of the mixing zone into the aquifer and intrusion of brackish water into the well. The distribution of the slotted intervals and the piezometric head in the drain well determine the depths of greatest contribution of the upwelling water, together with the defined anisotropy and heterogeneity in the model
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