Mujeres, yihad y su controvertido regreso a Europa: una perspectiva jurídica

Abstract

Además de reportarle triunfos económicos y militares, las campañas de Dáesh desarrolladas en Siria e Irak hicieron que miles simpatizantes marcharan a territorio controlado por esta organización terrorista para incorporarse a sus filas. Las mujeres también participaron en este fenómeno, siendo atraídas para contraer matrimonio con los muyahidines y formar familias para poblar el territorio conquistado. Tras la desarticulación de Dáesh, casi cinco años después, conseguida con la intervención de la coalición internacional, muchas de estas mujeres europeas solicitan regresar a sus países de origen. Ante esta situación, varios Estados han optado por rechazarlas e incluso privarlas de la nacionalidad; sin embargo, cabe preguntarse si esta respuesta es conforme a derecho. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Daesh’s military campaigns in Syria and Iraq resulted in economic and military gains and, in parallel, prompted thousands of sympathizers to travel to territory under its control and integrate into the organization’s operations. Women were also included in this phenomenon, often relocating with the intention of entering marriage with mujahedin, and subsequently forming families as part of a broader strategy to populate the territory. Almost five years on, and thanks to the intervention of the international coalition, Daesh has lost all its controlled territory. As a result, many relocated European woman are seeking a return to their home countries. This situation naturally carries with it many controversies, not least legal ones. In response to the situation, many nations have decided to refuse entry to these women, even to strip them of their nationality. But is this the correct alternative according to the law?