Claves y evidencias en la aplicación de la Terapia de Aceptación y Compromiso en el tratamiento de las adicciones
Loading...
Files
Publication date
Advisors
Department
Research group
Center
Abstract
Se presentan las claves para la aplicación de la Terapia de Aceptación y Compromiso (ACT) en al ámbito del abuso y la adicción a sustancias. Se introduce
un planteamiento funcional-contextual en el abordaje de las conductas adictivas, analizando el papel que
cumplen los efectos directos y derivados en el mantenimiento del consumo, entendiendo la conducta
de consumo como parte de una clase de conductas
que conforman un patrón de evitación experiencial
o de inflexibilidad psicológica. El análisis funcional y
las características principales de la intervención propuesta desde ACT se ilustran a través de varios casos
representativos de diferentes patrones de consumo
problemático. Se aportan también claves para la evaluación clínica y los dos procesos fundamentales de
ACT: la clarificación de valores y la defusión y diferenciación de las dimensiones del yo. Así, se subrayan
por ejemplo la necesidad de establecer una dirección
construida conjuntamente por paciente y terapeuta,
o la importancia de que el paciente aprenda a diferenciarse de los contenidos de su autoconcepto, de los
pensamientos de justificación del consumo o de culpa
tras las recaídas, o de las sensaciones de urgencia por
consumir. Asimismo, se presenta una actualización de
las evidencias publicadas hasta el momento sobre la
eficacia de la intervención desde ACT en adicciones,
destacándose los 21 ensayos clínicos aleatorizados en
el contexto de la dependencia a opiáceos, alcoholismo y tabaquismo
The key issues for the application of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) in the field of substance abuse and addictions are presented. A functional-contextual approach to addictive behaviors is introduced. The role played by direct and derived effects in the maintenance of drug use is analysed. Drug use is regarded as part of a class of behaviors that are part of an experiential avoidance or psychological inflexibility pattern. The functional analysis and the main characteristics of the intervention proposed from ACT are illustrated through several representative cases of different patterns of problematic drug use. Recommendations are provided for the psychological assessment and the two fundamental processes of ACT: values clarification and cognitive defusion and differentiation of the dimensions of the self. Thus, the need to stablish life directions that are jointly built by patients and therapists is underlined. Likewise, the importance that patients learn to differentiate themselves from 1) the contents of their self-concept, 2) the thoughts justifying drug use, 3) the feelings of guilt after relapse, and 4) the craving sensations is emphasized. Finally, an update of the evidence on the effectiveness of ACT in addictions is presented. Results of 21 randomized clinical trials on the effect of ACT in opioid addiction, alcoholism and tobacco use are reviewed
The key issues for the application of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) in the field of substance abuse and addictions are presented. A functional-contextual approach to addictive behaviors is introduced. The role played by direct and derived effects in the maintenance of drug use is analysed. Drug use is regarded as part of a class of behaviors that are part of an experiential avoidance or psychological inflexibility pattern. The functional analysis and the main characteristics of the intervention proposed from ACT are illustrated through several representative cases of different patterns of problematic drug use. Recommendations are provided for the psychological assessment and the two fundamental processes of ACT: values clarification and cognitive defusion and differentiation of the dimensions of the self. Thus, the need to stablish life directions that are jointly built by patients and therapists is underlined. Likewise, the importance that patients learn to differentiate themselves from 1) the contents of their self-concept, 2) the thoughts justifying drug use, 3) the feelings of guilt after relapse, and 4) the craving sensations is emphasized. Finally, an update of the evidence on the effectiveness of ACT in addictions is presented. Results of 21 randomized clinical trials on the effect of ACT in opioid addiction, alcoholism and tobacco use are reviewed







