Los desafíos de la política criminal frente a las generaciones futuras y al principio de precaución: el caso de los OGM
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Abstract
El principio de precaución (cuya indeterminación puede ser reducida al menos parcialmente dando valor al atributo de “cientificidad” de la incertidumbre del riesgo temido) presenta una problemática cada vez mayor en su dimensión de tutela (diacrónica) de las generaciones futuras: un desafío tan difícil como ineludible. Partiendo de la irrupción del principio en el Derecho penal, se analiza la compatibilidad del mismo con respecto a las categorías dogmáticas clásicas (riesgo ilícito, causalidad, culpa, peligro), reconociendo una similitud parcial de los supuestos precautorios con nuevas formas de delitos de mera desobediencia. Finalmente, las dificultades para desplegar una tutela penal de las generaciones futuras son analizadas mediante referencias a algunas normas paradójicas de la legislación italiana sobre los OGM, una materia inspirada de forma clara por el principio de precaución.
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The precautionary principle, whose vagueness might be reduced at least partially by stressing that the uncertainty about the risk must be of scientific nature, poses an increasingly relevant problem in relation with its protective function regarding future generations: this is a challenge both difficult and unavoidable. Starting by how this principle has bursted upon criminal law, its compatibility with the traditional dogmatic categories (unlawful risk, causality, mens rea, danger) is then analyzed, acknowledging also the partial similarity between the precautionary offences and new examples of mere formal offences. Finally, the difficulties for criminal law to protect future generations are analyzed by making reference to some paradoxical rules within the Italian legislation on GMO, which field clearly inspired by the precautionary principle.
The precautionary principle, whose vagueness might be reduced at least partially by stressing that the uncertainty about the risk must be of scientific nature, poses an increasingly relevant problem in relation with its protective function regarding future generations: this is a challenge both difficult and unavoidable. Starting by how this principle has bursted upon criminal law, its compatibility with the traditional dogmatic categories (unlawful risk, causality, mens rea, danger) is then analyzed, acknowledging also the partial similarity between the precautionary offences and new examples of mere formal offences. Finally, the difficulties for criminal law to protect future generations are analyzed by making reference to some paradoxical rules within the Italian legislation on GMO, which field clearly inspired by the precautionary principle.







