Trabajo Social con pacientes pluripatológicos hospitalizados: intervención precoz en situaciones de riesgo social
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Abstract
Introducción: Los problemas socio-familiares asociados
al paciente pluripatológico generan estancias hospitalarias
por razones no médicas. En este trabajo se presentan
los resultados de una investigación, realizada desde
la Unidad de Trabajo Social, con pacientes pluripatológicos
hospitalizados. El objetivo general es demostrar
que con la intervención social precoz, las situaciones
de riesgo social no obstaculizan ni demoran las estancias
hospitalarias. Métodos: Diseño: Estudio descriptivo
retrospectivo de base hospitalaria, en la Unidad Médica
de Enfermos Pluripatológicos San Juan de Dios, del
Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves de Granada.
Desde 1-1-2005 al 31-12- 2010. Tamaño muestral: El total
de pacientes fue 1.184, los datos se recogieron de la
historia social y de la Escala de Valoración Sociofamiliar
de Gijón (EG). Análisis: las variables cuantitativas se expresaron
mediante medidas de posición y dispersión y
las cualitativas mediante frecuencias relativas y absolutas.
Para la asociación entre dos variables nominales se
utilizo el test de Chi-cuadrado. Resultados: La edad media
de los pacientes fue de 78 años (DT=10,34). El 52,7%
correspondió a mujeres. El 55,3% de los pacientes se encontraban
en riesgo social. Mostraron claudicación familiar
el 32,5%. Tras la estancia hospitalaria, regresaron
a su domicilio el 39,7%. La media de permanencia en el
hospital, tras el alta social, fue de 16,8 días (DT= 21,28
días) y una mediana asociada de 9 días. Conclusiones: La
mayoría de los pacientes pluripatológicos ingresan en
situación de riesgo social. Los pacientes con diferentes
niveles de riesgo social, consumen tiempos de intervención
social diferentes. Las situaciones de riesgo social no
obstaculizan el alta hospitalaria.
Background: The social problems in families related to multimorbid patients causes hospital stays for nonmedical reasons. This paper presents the results of an investigation conducted by the Unit of Social Work, with hospitalized multimorbid patients with. The overall objective is to demonstrate that with early social intervention, social risk situations will not hinder or delay hospital stays. Methods: Design: Hospital- based retrospective study at the Medical Unit of multipathological patients, San Juan de Dios, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves in Granada. From 01.01.2005 to 12- 31-12 - 2010. Sample size: The total number of patients was 1184;, data were collected from social records and social/family Rating Scale of Gijon (EG). Analysis: Quantitative variables were expressed by location and dispersion measures and qualitative variables by absolute and relative frequencies. For the association between two nominal variables we used the Chi-cuadrado test. Results: The mean age of patients was 78 years (SD : 10.33). 52.7% were women. 55.3% of patients were in social risk. Family withdrawal showed 32.5%. Family interviews were conducted in 32,5% of cases. After their hospital stay, 39.7% returned home. The average hospital stay, after social discharge, was 16.8 days (SD = 21.28 days) and an associated median of 9 days. Conclusions: Most patients entering with multimorbidity diagnosis are in a social risk situation. Patients with different levels of social risk, use different time amounts of social intervention. Social risk situations do not prevent hospital discharge.
Background: The social problems in families related to multimorbid patients causes hospital stays for nonmedical reasons. This paper presents the results of an investigation conducted by the Unit of Social Work, with hospitalized multimorbid patients with. The overall objective is to demonstrate that with early social intervention, social risk situations will not hinder or delay hospital stays. Methods: Design: Hospital- based retrospective study at the Medical Unit of multipathological patients, San Juan de Dios, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves in Granada. From 01.01.2005 to 12- 31-12 - 2010. Sample size: The total number of patients was 1184;, data were collected from social records and social/family Rating Scale of Gijon (EG). Analysis: Quantitative variables were expressed by location and dispersion measures and qualitative variables by absolute and relative frequencies. For the association between two nominal variables we used the Chi-cuadrado test. Results: The mean age of patients was 78 years (SD : 10.33). 52.7% were women. 55.3% of patients were in social risk. Family withdrawal showed 32.5%. Family interviews were conducted in 32,5% of cases. After their hospital stay, 39.7% returned home. The average hospital stay, after social discharge, was 16.8 days (SD = 21.28 days) and an associated median of 9 days. Conclusions: Most patients entering with multimorbidity diagnosis are in a social risk situation. Patients with different levels of social risk, use different time amounts of social intervention. Social risk situations do not prevent hospital discharge.







