Análisis preliminar de los factores condicionantes de la temperatura de los manantiales kársticos de Andalucía
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Abstract
La temperatura del agua de 40 manantiales que drenan los macizos kársticos más importantes del territorio andaluz está comprendida entre 9,8 y 27,5 °C; no obstante, el 75 % del caudal drenado presenta de 12 a 18 °C de temperatura. La temperatura del agua de los
manantiales es similar a la temperatura media ambiental (gradiente
térmico de -0,49 o
C/100 m) en el punto de surgencia, aunque con
pequeñas diferencias, generalmente en el rango de ±3 ºC. Se observa que manantiales situados a mayor cota presentan aguas más
frías que la media ambiental mientras que en los manantiales que se
encuentran a cotas bajas el agua es relativamente más cálida. Estas
variaciones estarían relacionadas con el control que ejercen diferentes variables como la geología, el clima, el grado de karstificación de
los materiales y la tasa de recarga sobre la temperatura del agua
subterránea. Asimismo, se ha establecido un balance térmico preliminar, que considera las principales fuentes de calor del agua y pone
de relieve la importancia de la circulación de aire para el transporte
de calor en la zona vadosa
Water temperature in 40 springs that drain the most important karst massifs in Andalusia is between 9.8 and 27.5 ° C; nevertheless, 75% of flow drained by these aquifers has a temperature from 12 to 18 ° C. Water temperature is similar to the mean environmental temperature (lapse rate of -0.49 °C/100m), although there are small differences, often in the range of ± 3 ° C. It is observed that springs located at higher elevations have colder waters than the environmental average, while springs that are at lower elevations, have waters relatively warmer. These variations would be related to the control exerted by different variables, such as geology, climate, the degree of karstification of materials and the rate of recharge, on the temperature of groundwater. Likewise, a preliminary thermal budget has been established, which considers the main sources of heat in the water and highlights the importance of air flow in heat transport in the vadose zone
Water temperature in 40 springs that drain the most important karst massifs in Andalusia is between 9.8 and 27.5 ° C; nevertheless, 75% of flow drained by these aquifers has a temperature from 12 to 18 ° C. Water temperature is similar to the mean environmental temperature (lapse rate of -0.49 °C/100m), although there are small differences, often in the range of ± 3 ° C. It is observed that springs located at higher elevations have colder waters than the environmental average, while springs that are at lower elevations, have waters relatively warmer. These variations would be related to the control exerted by different variables, such as geology, climate, the degree of karstification of materials and the rate of recharge, on the temperature of groundwater. Likewise, a preliminary thermal budget has been established, which considers the main sources of heat in the water and highlights the importance of air flow in heat transport in the vadose zone
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