Las barreras hidrodinámicas negativas: un sistema efectivo para reducir la descarga de agua dulce al mar
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Abstract
La necesidad de recursos hídricos para satisfacer las crecientes
demandas es un problema generalizado, especialmente acuciante
en las zonas áridas y semiáridas. Las zonas costeras son especial mente sensibles a este problema, si bien, en estas áreas se da la
paradoja de que los acuíferos costeros, de forma natural, drenan
grandes volúmenes de agua dulce al mar a través de la descarga
submarina. En este trabajo se plantea, por primera vez, la utiliza ción de barreras hidrodinámicas negativas como un sistema efectivo
para reducir el volumen de estas descargas. Para ello, se ha estudia do el acuífero del delta del río Andarax, donde la presencia de una
batería de sondeos que captan la cuña de agua salina que penetra
en el acuífero, estaría actuando como una barrera hidrodinámica,
que por un lado evita el avance de la cuña salina al continente, y por
otro, la salida de agua dulce al mar. El problema que suscita este tipo
de barreras es el coste económico ligado al consumo energético ne cesario para bombear continuamente agua salina, por lo que su uso
sólo sería conveniente allí donde exista una planta desaladora que
se abastezca de agua salina de la cuña que penetra en el acuífero
The growing demand for water is a widespread problem, espe cially in arid and semi-arid areas. Coastal areas are particularly sen sitive to this problem, although in these areas there is the paradox that coastal aquifers naturally drain large volumes of freshwater into the sea through submarine discharge. In this work we propose, for the first time, the use of negative hydrodynamic barriers as an effec tive system to reduce the volume of these discharges. For this purpo se, the aquifer of the Andarax river delta has been studied, where the presence of a set of boreholes that capture the saline water wedge penetrating the aquifer. This would be acting as a hydrodynamic ba rrier, which on the one hand prevents the advance of the saline wed ge to the continent, and on the other hand, the outflow of freshwater to the sea. The problem with this type of barrier is the economic cost linked to the energy consumption required to continuously pump saline water, so its use would only be appropriate where there is a desalination plant that is supplied with saline water from the wedge that penetrates the aquifer
The growing demand for water is a widespread problem, espe cially in arid and semi-arid areas. Coastal areas are particularly sen sitive to this problem, although in these areas there is the paradox that coastal aquifers naturally drain large volumes of freshwater into the sea through submarine discharge. In this work we propose, for the first time, the use of negative hydrodynamic barriers as an effec tive system to reduce the volume of these discharges. For this purpo se, the aquifer of the Andarax river delta has been studied, where the presence of a set of boreholes that capture the saline water wedge penetrating the aquifer. This would be acting as a hydrodynamic ba rrier, which on the one hand prevents the advance of the saline wed ge to the continent, and on the other hand, the outflow of freshwater to the sea. The problem with this type of barrier is the economic cost linked to the energy consumption required to continuously pump saline water, so its use would only be appropriate where there is a desalination plant that is supplied with saline water from the wedge that penetrates the aquifer







