Intervención psicológica en enfermos crónicos : sentido común y sabiduría popular
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Abstract
Se presentan doce afirmaciones básicas sobre
la manera de vivir y entender la enfermedad
crónica, asentadas en el sentido común, en la
experiencia del autor y en la sabiduría popular
encarnada en los refranes. Los temas generales
son: (1) Identidad personal y enfermedad; (2)
aceptación y realismo; (3) relación positiva con
el cuerpo y los síntomas; (4) la significación de
“cambio” y la necesidad por “dejar pasar”; (5) la
aceptación de sí mismo/a y el perdón;(6) La necesidad
de relacionarse con los demás; (7) realidad
y realismo frente a culpa e inculpación; (8)
tenemos hábitos y no todos los que tenemos son
buenos; (9) aprender a identificar las recompensas;
(10) búsqueda de independencia, no de individualismo
egoísta; (11) apertura física, mental y
social y (12) mantenimiento de sosiego y de paz
interior. Cada afirmación resume un conjunto de
estrategias y técnicas de intervención (módulos
de intervención) y se utilizan los refranes como
ilustración y material de ejercicios a realizar fuera
de las sesiones. Se trata de un programa puesto
a prueba por partes y que puede funcionar tanto
en su integridad como en módulos independientes.
Se aplica a nivel individual o en pequeño
grupo de enfermos. Se sugiere una sesión semanal de duración entre 45 y 90 minutos.
12 basic sentences based on common sense are the ground of this psychological intervention program in chronic illness: (1) personal identity and disease; (2) acceptance and realism; (3) positive relationship with the body and the symptomatology; (4) the meaning of “change” and the necessity of “let by”; (5) self-acceptance and forgiveness; (6) the need for interpersonal relationships; (7) reality and realism in front of to blame for the disease; (8) we must know our habits and not all of them are good for the health and subjective well-being; (9) to learn to identify the rewards; (10) the search for autonomy, but not of selfish individualism; (11) social, mental and physical openness; and (12) the maintenance of peacefulness and calm. Each statement contains a set of the main techniques to achieve it, relative independent among themselves. The sayings are used as exercise material in sessions and inter- sessions. This program has been used in renal diseases hospitalized and can to be applied individually and in group. On suggests one weekly session (45-90 minutes).
12 basic sentences based on common sense are the ground of this psychological intervention program in chronic illness: (1) personal identity and disease; (2) acceptance and realism; (3) positive relationship with the body and the symptomatology; (4) the meaning of “change” and the necessity of “let by”; (5) self-acceptance and forgiveness; (6) the need for interpersonal relationships; (7) reality and realism in front of to blame for the disease; (8) we must know our habits and not all of them are good for the health and subjective well-being; (9) to learn to identify the rewards; (10) the search for autonomy, but not of selfish individualism; (11) social, mental and physical openness; and (12) the maintenance of peacefulness and calm. Each statement contains a set of the main techniques to achieve it, relative independent among themselves. The sayings are used as exercise material in sessions and inter- sessions. This program has been used in renal diseases hospitalized and can to be applied individually and in group. On suggests one weekly session (45-90 minutes).







