Aplicación de la geoquímica ambiental a la gestión de aguas enriquecidas en selenio en explotaciones auríferas subterráneas
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Abstract
La mineralización de oro en el yacimiento El Valle (Asturias, Es-paña) corresponde a dos tipos diferentes de skarn (cálcico y magné-sico). En este yacimiento, el Se es un elemento traza presente en la mineralización, y se ha observado que el agua drenada de la activi-dad minera presenta concentraciones anómalas de este metaloide. En este trabajo se aborda minimizar la presencia de Se en el agua a partir una caracterización exhaustiva del sistema agua-roca a través de una caracterización geoquímica y mineralógica de mues-tras procedentes de sondeos de drenaje. Los resultados verificaron la presencia de Se en la mineralización. Durante la ejecución de los sondeos, no se detectó presencia de agua al atravesar los materiales del skarn. Sin embargo, las pruebas de lixiviación con agua destilada sobre el skarn magnésico, mostraron una elevada movilidad del Se, al contrario de lo ocurrido en el caso del skarn cálcico. Por otra parte, durante la perforación de la caliza, se detectó presencia de aguas enriquecidas en Se. En consecuencia, se propuso un sistema de im-permeabilización para evitar las interacciones agua-roca en los ma-teriales de la mineralización y en las zonas de caliza que presenten fracturas con mineralización diseminada
Gold ores in skarns from the El Valle deposit (Asturias, Spain) are formed by two different Cu-Au skarn types, calcic and magnesian, in the Cambrian limestones and dolostones. In the Skarn, Se is an abundant trace element, and thus, during the mining activity was observed that the drained water presents anomalous Se concentra-tions. In this context, here we addressed a novel study to minimize the Se presence in the water through a comprehensive characteri-zation of the water-rock system. Rock and water samples were taken from selected boreholes to perform a mineralogical and a geoche-mistry characterization. Results verified the Se presence in the mi-neralization. Calcic and magnesian skarn did not drain groundwater when drilled, however leaching tests using distilled water revealed a notable concentration of Se in the leached for magnesic skarn ma-terial whereas Se was not detected for the calcic skarn. On the other hand, water from the aquifer is drained when limestone is drilled. Accordingly, waterproofing system was proposed to avoid the wa-ter-rock interactions in the skarn materials. However, in some ca-ses, the waterproofing should be also applied in limestones with the presence of fractures with disseminated mineralization, where the Se concentration is low but is readily mobile
Gold ores in skarns from the El Valle deposit (Asturias, Spain) are formed by two different Cu-Au skarn types, calcic and magnesian, in the Cambrian limestones and dolostones. In the Skarn, Se is an abundant trace element, and thus, during the mining activity was observed that the drained water presents anomalous Se concentra-tions. In this context, here we addressed a novel study to minimize the Se presence in the water through a comprehensive characteri-zation of the water-rock system. Rock and water samples were taken from selected boreholes to perform a mineralogical and a geoche-mistry characterization. Results verified the Se presence in the mi-neralization. Calcic and magnesian skarn did not drain groundwater when drilled, however leaching tests using distilled water revealed a notable concentration of Se in the leached for magnesic skarn ma-terial whereas Se was not detected for the calcic skarn. On the other hand, water from the aquifer is drained when limestone is drilled. Accordingly, waterproofing system was proposed to avoid the wa-ter-rock interactions in the skarn materials. However, in some ca-ses, the waterproofing should be also applied in limestones with the presence of fractures with disseminated mineralization, where the Se concentration is low but is readily mobile







