Factores determinantes de la emisión de inversión directa extranjera : un proces o de acumulación de capacidades
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Abstract
El proceso de internacionalización de la empresa vía inversión directa extranjera
(IDE) obedece a una decisión individual y, como tal, ha sido generalmente
analizada desde una perspectiva microeconómica que justifica la
emergencia de empresas multinacionales (EMN) en la existencia de determinadas
ventajas de propiedad. Los condicionantes de país, por su parte, han
intervenido fundamentalmente en la explicación de los factores determinantes
de la localización de la IDE. Sin embargo, aún es escasa la evidencia empírica
disponible que emana del análisis de los factores determinantes de la emisión
de IDE en el plano agregado, aspecto al que se dedica este trabajo. La reciente
emergencia de EMN en países en desarrollo acentúa aún más la importancia
de analizar tales factores y su relación con la relevancia de las ventajas de
propiedad. En este artículo se utiliza una muestra integrada por 48 países,
incluyendo tanto economías desarrolladas como en desarrollo. Los resultados
permiten afirmar la existencia de un conjunto de factores que desde una perspectiva
macro condicionan el proceso de acumulación de capacidades que
influye positivamente en las salidas de inversión, y que éstos difieren entre los
dos grupos de países estudiados.
The internationalization process of firms through foreign direct investment (FDI) responds to an individual decision, and for that reason much of the analysis on this has been done at the microeconomic level, revealing that the presence of certain ownership advantages would justify the emergence of Multinational Enterprises (MNEs). The country level’ constraints have been mostly considered in studies covering the decisions related to FDI locations. However, there is still little evidence of the outward FDI determinants at the aggregate level; this is precisely the focus of this paper. The recent emergence of multinational firms in developing countries makes even more interesting the analysis of these factors and how they relate to ownership advantages explaining outward FDI. Our analysis uses a sample integrated by 48 countries, including both developed and developing economies. Results show that a set of macroeconomic factors affect the cumulative process of capabilities accumulation that derives into outward investments, but this set of factors differs between the two groups of countries studied
The internationalization process of firms through foreign direct investment (FDI) responds to an individual decision, and for that reason much of the analysis on this has been done at the microeconomic level, revealing that the presence of certain ownership advantages would justify the emergence of Multinational Enterprises (MNEs). The country level’ constraints have been mostly considered in studies covering the decisions related to FDI locations. However, there is still little evidence of the outward FDI determinants at the aggregate level; this is precisely the focus of this paper. The recent emergence of multinational firms in developing countries makes even more interesting the analysis of these factors and how they relate to ownership advantages explaining outward FDI. Our analysis uses a sample integrated by 48 countries, including both developed and developing economies. Results show that a set of macroeconomic factors affect the cumulative process of capabilities accumulation that derives into outward investments, but this set of factors differs between the two groups of countries studied







