Distribución, composición y génesis de depósitos silíceos en la cueva volcánica de Branca Opala (Terceira, Islas Azores)
Loading...
Publication date
Advisors
Department
Research group
Center
Abstract
La cueva de Branca Opala es un tubo volcánico localizado en la zona basáltica
fisural de la isla de Terceira (Islas Azores, Portugal). Se identifican dentro
de la cueva tres tipos de depósitos: estromatolitos, depósitos terrígenos
siliciclásticos provenientes de la roca volcánica y depósitos formados por
restos vegetales con sedimentos terrígenos. En el exterior, y en zonas próximas,
se estudian también tobas silíceas. En los estromatolitos se definen tres
partes desde el substrato de crecimiento: laminar inferior, arborescente-esferoidal
y laminar superior, encontrándose en todas ellas estructuras filamentosas
interpretadas como bacterias. La única fase silícea que forma los
estromatolitos es un ópalo A inmaduro, por lo que se deduce que son relativamente
recientes. Los basaltos de la cueva, y los sedimentos volcanoclásticos
finos no presentan casi alteración, por lo que aguas freáticas y de escorrentía
aportarían la sílice a la cueva, siendo fijada por bacterias, y formándose
estromatolitos en condiciones subacuáticas
The Branca Opala cave is a lava-tube located in the basaltic fissurale zone of the island of Terceira (Azores archipelago, Portugal). Three types of deposits are identified inside the cave: stromatolites, terrigenous siliciclastic deposits from the volcanic rock and deposits formed by vegetal remains and terrigenous sediments. In the outer parts of the cave a siliceous tuff is also studied. From the growth substrate three parts are defined in the stromatolites: lower laminar, dendriform-spheroidal and superior laminar. In all of them, filamentous structures are found, and are interpreted as bacteria. The only silica phase forming stromatolites is an inmature, thus relatively recent, opal A. The silica source is not found either in the basaltic host rocks or in the fine volcanoclastic deposits because they are little altered. Groundwaters and runoff would contribute the silica to the cave, where the bacteria would fix the silica, forming stromatolites under subaquatic environments
The Branca Opala cave is a lava-tube located in the basaltic fissurale zone of the island of Terceira (Azores archipelago, Portugal). Three types of deposits are identified inside the cave: stromatolites, terrigenous siliciclastic deposits from the volcanic rock and deposits formed by vegetal remains and terrigenous sediments. In the outer parts of the cave a siliceous tuff is also studied. From the growth substrate three parts are defined in the stromatolites: lower laminar, dendriform-spheroidal and superior laminar. In all of them, filamentous structures are found, and are interpreted as bacteria. The only silica phase forming stromatolites is an inmature, thus relatively recent, opal A. The silica source is not found either in the basaltic host rocks or in the fine volcanoclastic deposits because they are little altered. Groundwaters and runoff would contribute the silica to the cave, where the bacteria would fix the silica, forming stromatolites under subaquatic environments







