Posibles evidencias morfo-sedimentarias del tsunami de Atacama de 1922 en el Parque Nacional Pan de Azúcar (norte de Chile)
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Abstract
El gran terremoto de 1922 de Atacama es uno de los mayores
eventos sísmicos del siglo XX en el límite de subducción entre las
placas de Nazca y Sudamérica. Los principales daños provocados
por el tsunami asociado ocurrieron en el litoral del norte de Chile.
En la ciudad de Chañaral, una de la más afectadas, se alcanzó una
cota máxima de inundación de 9 m sobre el nivel del mar y una
inundación horizontal de 200 m. En este trabajo se aborda el estudio
del registro geológico de este evento en el Parque Nacional Pan de
Azúcar, 10 km al norte de esta ciudad portuaria, donde se describen
formas erosivas y campos de bloques a cotas topográficas por encima de la zona de acción de temporales de invierno. Este trabajo
resalta la necesidad de profundizar en el análisis de depósitos de
grano grueso en sistemas costeros áridos para la identificación del
registro de tsunamis, donde su potencial de preservación es bajo y
sus evidencias tienden a aparecer enmascaradas en el paisaje litoral
The 1922 Atacama Earthquake is one of the largest megathrust earthquakes of the 20th century in the limit between the Nazca and South American plates. The main damages of the associated tsunami occurred in the coast of northern Chile. In the city of Chañaral, one of the most affected, a maximum flood height of 9 m above sea level and a horizontal inundation of 200 m were reached. The aim of this study is to analyze the geological record of this event in Pan de Azúcar National Park, 10 km north of this port city, where erosive forms and boulder fields have been described evidencing the wave action on the nearshore at heights above the winter storms. This work highlights the need to deepen in the study of the coarse-grain deposits in arid coastal systems to identify the record of tsunamis where their preservation potential is low, and their evidence is masked in the littoral landscape
The 1922 Atacama Earthquake is one of the largest megathrust earthquakes of the 20th century in the limit between the Nazca and South American plates. The main damages of the associated tsunami occurred in the coast of northern Chile. In the city of Chañaral, one of the most affected, a maximum flood height of 9 m above sea level and a horizontal inundation of 200 m were reached. The aim of this study is to analyze the geological record of this event in Pan de Azúcar National Park, 10 km north of this port city, where erosive forms and boulder fields have been described evidencing the wave action on the nearshore at heights above the winter storms. This work highlights the need to deepen in the study of the coarse-grain deposits in arid coastal systems to identify the record of tsunamis where their preservation potential is low, and their evidence is masked in the littoral landscape














