Sostenibilidad de la cuenta corriente: cambio estructural y raíces unitarias
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Abstract
La existencia de elevados y persistentes déficits exteriores en un conjunto
amplio de países desarrollados a lo largo de las últimas décadas, ha incentivado
la aparición de diversos estudios que analizan su sostenibilidad. Una parte
importante de estos estudios se instrumenta mediante la aplicación de los
denominados tests de raíces unitarias. El presente trabajo tiene por objeto
utilizar los citados tests, tomando como referencia el caso español, para
contrastar si los déficits en el largo plazo son sostenibles o no, permitiendo
la presencia de cambio estructural en la tendencia estocástica de la serie de
saldo por cuenta corriente, así como en su orden de integración. Asimismo,
se contempla la posibilidad de que el saldo tenga un comportamiento no
lineal. Sobre la base de esta metodología, se muestra que, a lo largo del
periodo considerado (1975-2010), la evidencia es contraria a la hipótesis de
sostenibilidad del déficit exterior español, a partir de la introducción del euro.
La metodología empleada en el trabajo es fácilmente extrapolable al estudio
de la sostenibilidad exterior de economías, que presentan déficits exteriores
persistentes como Grecia, Portugal o los Estados Unidos.
High and persistent current account deficits in developed countries have long been the focus of research in economics. Many researchers who study current account sustainability use conventional unit root tests to investigate the mean reverting behaviour of the current account. In this paper, we analyze whether the Spanish current account deficit is sustainable or not. For this purpose we test the current account stationarity by means of traditional unit root tests, taking into account the possibility of structural change and changes in the order of integration. We find no evidence of the sustainability of the Spanish current account. In fact, we argue that this lack of sustainability comes from the current account behaviour since the introduction of the euro in the Spanish monetary system. The methodology can be easily applied to other economies suffering from persistent current account deficit, as Greece, Portugal and the United States.
High and persistent current account deficits in developed countries have long been the focus of research in economics. Many researchers who study current account sustainability use conventional unit root tests to investigate the mean reverting behaviour of the current account. In this paper, we analyze whether the Spanish current account deficit is sustainable or not. For this purpose we test the current account stationarity by means of traditional unit root tests, taking into account the possibility of structural change and changes in the order of integration. We find no evidence of the sustainability of the Spanish current account. In fact, we argue that this lack of sustainability comes from the current account behaviour since the introduction of the euro in the Spanish monetary system. The methodology can be easily applied to other economies suffering from persistent current account deficit, as Greece, Portugal and the United States.







