Dolomitización y calcitización en facies lacustres carbonatadas y yesíferas (Eoceno superior, Formación Deza, cuenca de Almazán, España)
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Abstract
La Formación Deza muestra una compleja asociación de facies diagenéticas
tempranas formada por dolomita, yeso intersticial y calcita. Las
dolomías predominan en la parte inferior de la unidad (primeros 40 m) que
está formada por secuencias de 1 a 3 m de espesor que comienzan con
facies arcillo-margosas. Las dolomías muestran mosaicos cristalinos de 2 a
30 μm de diámetro que contienen pseudomorfos de dolomita y calcita a partir
de yeso lenticular intersticial (30 μm a 1 cm de largo), y fósiles límnicos
dispersos. Las relaciones texturo-composicionales indican dos generaciones
de yeso; la primera, no siempre presente, es de yeso microlenticular (< 200
μm) que fue remplazado por dolomicroesparita, mientras que la segunda
(yeso macrocristalino, 200 μm - 1 cm) fue remplazada por esparita, formándose
el cemento de la seudobrecha dolomítica. Ello sugiere que la
primera generación de yeso ocurrió dentro de un sedimento carbonatado
lacustre cuando los lagos se desecaban, y la dolomitización subsiguiente
estaría relacionada con este proceso. La segunda generación de yeso produjo
una brechificación de la facies dolomítica previa y representaría un
prolongado estadio seco. Posteriormente tuvo lugar la calcitización preferente
de este último yeso y el desarrollo de dedolomitizaciones durante una
etapa más húmeda
The lacustrine Deza Formation shows a complex association of early diagenetic facies represented by dolomite, interstitial gypsum and calcite. Dolostone beds are predominant at the lowest part of the unit (first 40 m), in the Cihuela area where they are part of sequences of 1-3 m thick that begin with clayey to marly levels. Dolostones consist of crystal mosaics ranging from 2 to 30 μm across that contain numerous dolomite and calcite pseudomorphs (30 μm to 1 cm long) after lenticular interstitial gypsum; limnic fossils are dispersed. Textural and compositional relationships indicate two gypsum generations; the first one, not always present, consists of microlenticular gypsum (< 200 μm) that was replaced by dolomicrosparite, whereas the second one (macrocrystalline gypsum, 200 μm - 1 cm) was replaced by sparite occupying a continuous network surrounding darker dolomitic pseudobreccias. It is suggested that the first gypsum generation occurred within the original lacustrine carbonate muds when the lakes were shrunk; dolomitization probably occurred linked to this process. The subsequent widespread second generation of gypsum took place during a drier stage generating the characteristic pseudobrecciated texture. A later wetter stage is represented by the calcitization of this gypsum and dedolomitization
The lacustrine Deza Formation shows a complex association of early diagenetic facies represented by dolomite, interstitial gypsum and calcite. Dolostone beds are predominant at the lowest part of the unit (first 40 m), in the Cihuela area where they are part of sequences of 1-3 m thick that begin with clayey to marly levels. Dolostones consist of crystal mosaics ranging from 2 to 30 μm across that contain numerous dolomite and calcite pseudomorphs (30 μm to 1 cm long) after lenticular interstitial gypsum; limnic fossils are dispersed. Textural and compositional relationships indicate two gypsum generations; the first one, not always present, consists of microlenticular gypsum (< 200 μm) that was replaced by dolomicrosparite, whereas the second one (macrocrystalline gypsum, 200 μm - 1 cm) was replaced by sparite occupying a continuous network surrounding darker dolomitic pseudobreccias. It is suggested that the first gypsum generation occurred within the original lacustrine carbonate muds when the lakes were shrunk; dolomitization probably occurred linked to this process. The subsequent widespread second generation of gypsum took place during a drier stage generating the characteristic pseudobrecciated texture. A later wetter stage is represented by the calcitization of this gypsum and dedolomitization







