Repensando las teorías de las Relaciones internacionales a colación del fracaso de EEUU en Afganistán. Una mirada materialista ecléctica
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Abstract
El interés de esta investigación radica en repensar las teorías de las
Relaciones Internacionales a colación del fracaso de EEUU en Afganistán. No
se trata de un análisis exhaustivo del conflicto en sí, sino de un intento por
comprender el conflicto desde las teorías (neo)liberales, (neo)realistas y críticas. Mi conclusión es doble, por un lado propongo y defiendo que, –al igual
que el (neo)liberalismo y el (neo)rrealismo se basan a fin de cuentas en una
suerte de eclecticismo epistemológico y ontológico a la hora de planificar las
acciones en política internacional–, las teorías críticas emancipatorias deberían
apostar por un eclecticismo crítico materialista –más allá de las excepciones
idealistas– con el objeto de superar el fraccionalismo teórico-práxico de los
movimientos sociales y de los Estados subalternos; Por otro lado afirmo que el
fracaso de EEUU en Afganistán y el advenimiento Talibán, fue debido, entre
otras cosas –inseguridad permanente, corrupción generalizada y malas prácticas de las tropas ocupantes–, al desconocimiento de la subjetividad cultural de
la población afgana que gira en torno al islam y a sus preceptos irracionalistas
The interest of this research lies in rethinking theories of International Relations in light of the US failure in Afghanistan. It is not an exhaustive analysis of the conflict itself, but an attempt to understand the conflict from (neo)liberal, (neo)realist and critical theories. My conclusion is twofold, on the one hand I propose and argue that, just as (neo)liberalism and (neo)realism are ultimately based on a kind of epistemological and ontological eclecticism when planning actions in international politics, emancipatory critical theories should opt for a critical materialist eclecticism – beyond idealistic exceptions– in order to overcome the theoretical-práxico fractionalism of social movements and subaltern states; On the other hand, I affirm that the failure of the US in Afghanistan and the advent of the Taliban was due, among other things –permanent insecurity, widespread corruption and malpractice by the occupying troops– to the ignorance of the cultural subjectivity of the Afghan population, which revolves around Islam and its irrationalist precepts.
The interest of this research lies in rethinking theories of International Relations in light of the US failure in Afghanistan. It is not an exhaustive analysis of the conflict itself, but an attempt to understand the conflict from (neo)liberal, (neo)realist and critical theories. My conclusion is twofold, on the one hand I propose and argue that, just as (neo)liberalism and (neo)realism are ultimately based on a kind of epistemological and ontological eclecticism when planning actions in international politics, emancipatory critical theories should opt for a critical materialist eclecticism – beyond idealistic exceptions– in order to overcome the theoretical-práxico fractionalism of social movements and subaltern states; On the other hand, I affirm that the failure of the US in Afghanistan and the advent of the Taliban was due, among other things –permanent insecurity, widespread corruption and malpractice by the occupying troops– to the ignorance of the cultural subjectivity of the Afghan population, which revolves around Islam and its irrationalist precepts.







