Misoginia estética en el «Art Nouveau». El miedo a la mujer nueva en la sociedad de «Fin-de-Siglo»: de la Salomé de Huysmans a la Lulú de Wedekind
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Abstract
En el tránsito del s. XIX al XX confluyen en Europa movimientos y
tendencias intelectuales de toda laya (socialismo, anarquismo, regeneracionismo, espiritualismo, krausopositivismo, etc), junto a tendencias artísticas
como el esteticismo, el decadentismo, el simbolismo, el modernismo literario,
el expresionismo, etc…, como un reflejo del estado espiritual de la época, de
pose anti-burguesa y profundamente antipositivista. A esta eclosión intelectual
y cultural se la conoce bajo la expresión “fin de siècle” y está asociado a las
corrientes esteticistas, influidas por la filosofía nietzscheana, que se agruparán
bajo la expresión “art noveau”; corrientes diversas entre sí pero coincidentes
en su actitud discriminatoria hacia las mujeres. En este trabajo analizamos su
influencia en el nacimiento de un nuevo estereotipo femenino, vinculado a una
imagen de la mujer especialmente ominosa y exagerada del mal, que acabará
poblando a través de la bohemia artística y literaria de la época el imaginario
estético del siglo XX. Ahora el rechazo a la mujer nueva se dirime en el campo
de la imagen y de las palabras
In the transition from the 19th to the 20th century, intellectual movements and trends of all kinds (socialism, anarchism, regenerationism, spiritualism, krausopositivism, etc.) converged in Europe, together with artistic trends such as aestheticism, decadentism, symbolism, literary modernism, expressionism, etc., as a reflection of the spiritual state of the time, with an anti-bourgeois and profoundly antipositivist attitude. This intellectual and cultural hatching is known under the expression “fin de siècle” and is associated with the aesthetic currents, influenced by the Nietzschean philosophy, which will be grouped under the expression “art noveau”; diverse currents among themselves but coinciding in their discriminatory attitude towards women. In this paper we analyze their influence on the birth of a new feminine stereotype, linked to a particularly ominous and exaggerated image of evil, which will end up populating through the artistic and literary bohemia of the time the aesthetic imaginary of the twentieth century. Now the rejection of the new woman takes place in the field of image and words
In the transition from the 19th to the 20th century, intellectual movements and trends of all kinds (socialism, anarchism, regenerationism, spiritualism, krausopositivism, etc.) converged in Europe, together with artistic trends such as aestheticism, decadentism, symbolism, literary modernism, expressionism, etc., as a reflection of the spiritual state of the time, with an anti-bourgeois and profoundly antipositivist attitude. This intellectual and cultural hatching is known under the expression “fin de siècle” and is associated with the aesthetic currents, influenced by the Nietzschean philosophy, which will be grouped under the expression “art noveau”; diverse currents among themselves but coinciding in their discriminatory attitude towards women. In this paper we analyze their influence on the birth of a new feminine stereotype, linked to a particularly ominous and exaggerated image of evil, which will end up populating through the artistic and literary bohemia of the time the aesthetic imaginary of the twentieth century. Now the rejection of the new woman takes place in the field of image and words







