RT Journal Article T1 Effects of heavy metal pollution on germination and early seedling growth in native and invasive Spartina cordgrasses A1 Infante Izquierdo, María Dolores A1 Polo Ávila, Alejandro A1 San José Jiménez, Israel A1 Castillo Segura, Jesus Manuel A1 Jiménez Nieva, Francisco Javier A1 Grewell, Brenda J. A1 Muñoz Rodríguez, Adolfo Francisco AB Seed germination and seedling establishment are the stages most sensitive to abiotic stress in the plant life cycle.We analyzed the effects of copper, zinc and nickel on seed germination and early seedling growth of nativeSpartina maritima and invasive S. densiflora from polluted and non-polluted estuaries. Germination percentagesfor either species were not affected by any metal at any tested concentration (up to 2000 μM). However, theincrease in metal concentration had negative effects on S. densiflora seedlings. The primary effect was on radicledevelopment, representing initial seedling emergence. Spartina densiflora seedlings emerging from seeds fromTinto Estuary, characterized by high bioavailable metal loads, showed higher tolerance to metals than thosefrom less polluted Odiel and Piedras Estuaries. Comparing our results to metal concentrations in the field, weexpect S. densiflora seedling development would be negatively impacted in the most metal-polluted areas inOdiel and Tinto Estuaries. PB Elsevier SN 0025-326X YR 2020 FD 2020 LK http://hdl.handle.net/10272/18900 UL http://hdl.handle.net/10272/18900 LA eng NO Infante-Izquierdo, M. D., Polo-Ávila, A., Sanjosé, I., Castillo, J. M., Nieva, F. J. J., Grewell, B. J., & Muñoz-Rodríguez, A. F. (2020). Effects of heavy metal pollution on germination and early seedling growth in native and invasive Spartina cordgrasses. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 158, 111376. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111376 NO We thank the management and staff of the Odiel Marshes NaturalPark for their collaboration. We also thank the editor and reviewer forcomments that helped us improve the manuscript. M.D. Infante-Izquierdo acknowledges to Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporteof Spanish Government for the FPU Grant (Ref. FPU14/06556). DS Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Huelva RD 1 jun 2026