RT Journal Article T1 Modeling a Theoretical Construct on Pupils’ Difculties in Problem Solving A1 Vázquez‑Bernal, Bartolomé A1 Jiménez Pérez, Roque AB The objective of this work was the theoretical modeling of a construct based on teach-ing practice about the perception that pupils have of difficulties in problem solving (PS) in experimental sciences, specifically physics, to predict pupil performance in PS. The research was carried out with an incidental sample of second year of secondary education pupils, of 13 to 14 years in age. The pupils and their teachers were involved in a project in which PS, classroom inquiry, and Hooke’s law were considered to be central. The informa-tion collection instrument was a Likert type questionnaire to investigate the various dif-ficulties perceived by the pupils (Knowledge, Trust, Path, Interest,...) in the problem-solv-ing processes applying Hooke’s law. A theoretical model was estimated and not rejected that involved only one factor (a PS factor), with all of its variables strongly interrelated and a set of constraints represented by covariances between theoretical hidden variables. This model is a starting point from which to understand how pupils at this level perceive PS in experimental sciences. PB Springer SN 1573-1901 SN 0926-7220 (electrónico) YR 2021 FD 2021 LK http://hdl.handle.net/10272/20261 UL http://hdl.handle.net/10272/20261 LA eng NO Vázquez-Bernal, B. & Jiménez-Pérez, R. (2021). Modeling a Theoretical Construct on Pupils’ Difficulties in Problem Solving. Science & Education, 30(6). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11191-021-00289-w NO Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Huelva / CBUA DS Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Huelva RD 1 jun 2026