RT Journal Article T1 Assessment of milling and the green biosolvents ethyl lactate and 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (2-methyloxolane) for the ultrasound-assisted extraction of carotenoids in common and phytoene-rich Dunaliella bardawil microalgae A1 Morón Ortiz, Ángeles A1 Mapelli Brahm, Paula A1 León-Vaz, Antonio A1 Benítez González, Ana M. A1 Martín Gómez, Andrés N. A1 León Bañares, Rosa María A1 Meléndez Martínez, Antonio J. AB This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of green solvents (ethyl lactate and 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (MeTHF)) compared to conventional solvents (ethanol, methanol, and dimethyl sulfoxide) in the ultrasound- assisted extraction of carotenoids from Dunaliella bardawil. Two types of algae were evaluated, a control (common) and a phytoene-enriched algae obtained by treatment with norfluorazon. The extractions were performed on fresh, freeze-dried, and encapsulated samples, with and without ball-milling pre-treatment. The pre-treatment had no significant effect on carotenoid extraction for any of the solvents tested. The solvents that achieved the highest carotenoid yield from fresh samples were MeTHF, methanol, and ethanol (control: 2105.3, 2001.8, and 1919.1 μ g/g, respectively; phytoene-rich: 3220.9, 3669.1, and 3275.0 ples, ethanol was most effective in the control strain (14337.1 μ μ g/g, respectively). In freeze-dried samg/g), while methanol yielded the most in the phytoene-rich strain (8464.1 (control: 421.0 and 394.0 μ μ g/g). For encapsulated samples, MeTHF and ethanol were the top performers g/g, respectively; phytoene-rich: 186.9 and 166.4 μ g/g, respectively). Overall, the green solvent MeTHF proved to be a promising alternative to traditional solvents in the food industry. PB Elsevier SN 0023-6438 SN 1096-1127 (electrónico) YR 2024 FD 2024 LK https://hdl.handle.net/10272/24449 UL https://hdl.handle.net/10272/24449 LA eng NO Morón-Ortiz, Á., Mapelli-Brahm, P., León-Vaz, A., Benitez-González, A. M., Martín-Gómez, A. N., León, R., & Meléndez-Martínez, A. J. (2024). Assessment of milling and the green biosolvents ethyl lactate and 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (2-methyloxolane) for the ultrasound-assisted extraction of carotenoids in common and phytoene-rich Dunaliella bardawil microalgae. In LWT (Vol. 213, p. 117007). Elsevier BV. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2024.117007 NO This study was financially supported by grants PID2019-110438RB- C21 (NEWCARFOODS), PID2022-140995OB-C22 (SUSHEALTHCARICH), PID2019-110438RB-C22 (BESTALGAE4CAROT), PID2022- 140995OB-C21 (CARACAS), funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/ 501100011033 and ERDF/EU. PMB was supported by a postdoc fellowship from Consejería de Transformaci´ on Econ´ omica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades de la Junta de Andalucía (PAIDI 2020). AMO was supported by a grant associated to grant PID2019-110438RB- C21 (NEWCARFOODS). A.L-V also thanks Next Generation European Funds and the Ministry of Universities of Spain for funding the Recualificaci´ on del Profesorado Universitario system. AJMM, AMO and PMB are members of the Spanish Carotenoid Network (CaRed), grant RED2022-134577-T, funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033. This article is based upon work from COST Action (EUROCAROTEN, CA15136, https://www.eurocaroten.eu, http://www.cost.eu/COST_Act ions/ca/CA15136) supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology, http://www.cost.eu/). DS Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Huelva RD 29 may 2026