RT Journal Article T1 Persistence in Self-Employment Rates before the Great Lockdown: The Case of the UK A1 López Pérez, Elisabeth A1 Rodríguez Santiago, Ana María A1 Congregado Ramírez de Aguilera, Emilio AB A growing body of empirical literature—both on the micro and macro scale—is devoted toexploring the existence of hysteresis—or at least persistence—in self-employment, i.e., whether policy,economic or external shocks have transitory or persistent effects on the probability of survival, and inturn, on the natural rate of self-employment. In aggregate time series studies, the usual method toaddress this issue has been to look for unit roots by using alternative tests or by using unobservablecomponents models. In this research, we performed a battery of tests and competing approaches tocheck the robustness of our results with UK self-employment time series. The UK is a suitable casefor study because the recent evolution of the UK self-employment rate figures shows a steady growthsince the beginning of the millennium. This long-term rise in UK self-employment has attractedthe attention of scholars, at least, before the Great Lockdown. We find evidence of hysteresis, whilebusiness cycle output variations significantly affect self-employment rates. The article discussesthe implications of the findings. PB MDPI SN 2071-1050 YR 2020 FD 2020-08 LK http://hdl.handle.net/10272/19024 UL http://hdl.handle.net/10272/19024 LA eng NO López Pérez, E., Rodríguez Santiago, A., & Congregado Ramírez de Aguilera, E. (2020). Persistence in Self-Employment Rates before the Great Lockdown: The Case of the UK. Sustainability, 12(16), 6429. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su12166429 DS Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Huelva RD 14 jul 2026