@article{10272/23388,
year = {2021},
url = {https://hdl.handle.net/10272/23388},
abstract = {It is increasingly being recognized that different types of entrepreneurs exist with different performance levels and different contributions to the economy. Two common classifications of entrepreneurship types are based on professional status and start-up motive, where independent own-account workers are assumed to perform better than dependent self-employed and opportunity entrepreneurs are assumed to perform better than necessity entrepreneurs. However, these supposed performance differentials are seldomly tested or quantified. Using recent data drawn from the European Working Conditions Survey for the EU-28, we explore self-employment earnings (as an indicator of performance) across these different entrepreneurship types. Our results from OLS and multilevel linear regressions show that dependent self-employed workers are indeed observed to have significantly lower earnings than independent own-account workers, but the difference is only 10%, suggesting that the precarious nature of the dependent self-employed may be overstated in certain policy circles. Regarding start-up motive, our paper highlights the importance of distinguishing the group of entrepreneurs who simultaneously have both opportunity and necessity motives to start a business.},
organization = {The study was supported by the Polish National Science Centre, Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education, under research project 2015/19/B/HS4/00366 (Self-employment from Polish and international perspective); the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad) under research projects ECO2017-86305-C4-2-R and ECO2017-86402-C2-2-R; the Ministry of Economy and Knowledge of the Andalusian Regional Government (Junta de Andalucía-Consejería de Economía y Conocimiento) through Research Group SEJ-487 (Spanish Entrepreneurship Research Group – SERG) and Andalusia ERDF 2014-20 Operational Programme (Programa Operativo FEDER Andalucía 2014-20) under PAIDI 2020 research project PY20_00733 and University of Huelva research project UHU-1265299; and University of Huelva through Research and Transfer Policy Strategies (Estrategias de Política de Investigación y Transferencia).},
publisher = {Springer},
title = {Measuring performance differentials across entrepreneurship types},
doi = {10.1007/s11365-021-00755-5},
author = {Stel, André van and Barrientos Marín, Jorge and Caçador Rodrigues, Leonel and Millán Tapia, Ana and Millán Tapia, José María},
}