RT Journal Article
T1 Three-Dimensional Pedalling Kinematics Analysis Through the Development of a New Marker Protocol Specific to Cycling
A1 Martín Sosa, Ezequiel
A1 Soler Vizán, Elena
A1 Mayo Núñez, Juana
A1 Ojeda Granja, Joaquín
AB This study aims to develop and evaluate a cycling-specific marker protocol that minimises the number of markers while accounting for the unique biomechanics of cycling. Although movements in the frontal and transverse planes during cycling are limited, they are clinically relevant due to their association with overuse injuries. Existing gait-based marker protocols often fail to consider cycling-specific factors such as posture, range of motion, marker occlusion, and muscle-induced artifacts. The proposed protocol (PP) uses 15 physical and 8 virtual markers. In the absence of a gold standard for 3D pedaling kinematics, the PP was evaluated by comparing it with established gait analysis protocols. The protocol demonstrated high correlation in gait (CCC > 0.98 for hip and knee in the sagittal plane), low intra-subject variability (CV < 15% for hip, knee, and ankle), and high repeatability. During pedalling, position, velocity, and acceleration were measured in all three spatial directions. Notably, angular velocity and linear acceleration showed significant components outside the sagittal plane, particularly for angular velocity. These findings highlight the importance of considering 3D motion when estimating forces, joint moments, and joint-specific powers in cycling biomechanics.
PB MDPI
SN 2076-3417
YR 2025
FD 2025
LK https://hdl.handle.net/10272/27300
UL https://hdl.handle.net/10272/27300
LA eng
NO Martín-Sosa, E.; Soler-Vizán, E.; Mayo, J.; Ojeda, J. Three-Dimensional Pedalling Kinematics Analysis Through the Development of a New Marker Protocol Specific to Cycling. Appl. Sci. 2025, 15, 6382. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/app15126382
DS Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Huelva
RD 30 may 2026