RT Journal Article
T1 Impact of Potentially Toxic Compounds in Cow Milk: How Industrial Activities Affect Animal Primary Productions
A1 Forcada, Sergio
A1 Menéndez Miranda, Mario
A1 Boente López, Carlos
A1 Rodríguez Gallego, José Luis
A1 Costa Fernández, José M.
A1 Royo, Luis J.
A1 Soldado, Ana
AB Potentially toxic elements (PTEs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) frequently coexist in soils near industrial areas and sometimes in environmental compartments directly linked to feed (forage) and food (milk) production. However, the distribution of these pollutants along the dairy farm production chain is unclear. Here, we analyzed soil, forage, and milk samples from 16 livestock farms in Spain: several PTEs and PAHs were quantified. Farms were compared in terms of whether they were close to (<5 km) or far away from (>5 km) industrial areas. The results showed that PTEs and PAHs were enriched in the soils and forages from farms close to industrial areas, but not in the milk. In the soil, the maximum concentrations of PTEs reached 141, 46.1, 3.67, 6.11, and 138 mg kg-1 for chromium, arsenic, cadmium, mercury, and lead, respectively, while fluoranthene (172.8 µg kg-1) and benzo(b)fluoranthene (177.4 µg kg-1) were the most abundant PAHs. Principal component analysis of the soil PTEs suggested common pollution sources for iron, arsenic, and lead. In the forage, the maximum contents of chromium, arsenic, cadmium, mercury, and lead were 32.8, 7.87, 1.31, 0.47, and 7.85 mg kg-1, respectively. The PAH found in the highest concentration in the feed forage was pyrene (120 µg kg-1). In the milk, the maximum PTE levels were much lower than in the soil or the feed forages: 74.1, 16.1, 0.12, 0.28, and 2.7 µg kg-1 for chromium, arsenic, cadmium, mercury, and lead, respectively. Neither of the two milk samples exceeded the 20 µg kg-1 limit for lead set in EU 1881/2006. Pyrene was the most abundant PAH found in the milk (39.4 µg kg-1), while high molecular weight PAHs were not detected. For PTEs, the results showed that soil-forage transfer factors were higher than forage-milk ratios. Our results suggest that soils and forages around farms near industries, as well as the milk produced from those farms, have generally low levels of PTE and PAH contaminants.
PB MDPI
SN 2304-8158 (electrónico)
YR 2023
FD 2023-04
LK https://hdl.handle.net/10272/22195
UL https://hdl.handle.net/10272/22195
LA eng
NO Forcada, S., Menéndez-Miranda, M., Boente, C., Rodríguez Gallego, J. L., Costa-Fernández, J. M., Royo, L. J., & Soldado, A. (2023). Impact of Potentially Toxic Compounds in Cow Milk: How Industrial Activities Affect Animal Primary Productions. In Foods (Vol. 12, Issue 8, p. 1718). MDPI AG. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12081718
NO This research was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (PID2020-117282RB-I00, MCI-20-PID2019-000081, PID2019-109698GB-I00, PID2021-126010OR-I00), and byPrincipado de Asturias Regional Government co-financed by the European Union through theEuropean Regional Development Fund (grants IDI/2021/000081 and IDI/2021/000102). S.F. receivedan FPI fellowship (grant BES-2017-081314) supported by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 andthe Investments for the Future program of the European Social Fund, “El FSE invierte en tu futuro”.
DS Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Huelva
RD 29 may 2026