RT Journal Article T1 Nucleon gravitational form factors A1 Yao, Zhao-Quian A1 Xu, Yinzhen A1 Binosi, Daniele A1 Cui, Zhu-Fang A1 Ding, Minghui A1 Raya, Khépani A1 Roberts, Craig D. A1 Rodríguez Quintero, José A1 Schmidt, S. M. AB A symmetry-preserving analysis of strong interaction quantum field equations is used to complete a unified treatment of pion, kaon, and nucleon electromagnetic and gravitational form factors. Findings include a demostration that the pion near-core pressure is roughly twice that in the proton, so both are significantly greater than that of a neutron star; parton species separations of the nucleon’s three gravitational form factors, in which, inter alia, the glue-to-quark ratio for each form factor is seen to take the same constant value, independent of momentum transfer; and a determination of proton radii orderings, with the mechanical (normal force) radius being less than the mass-energy radius, which is less than the proton charge radius. This body of predictions should prove useful in an era of experiments that will enable them to be tested. PB Springer SN 1434-6001 SN 1434-601X (electrónico) YR 2025 FD 2025 LK https://hdl.handle.net/10272/27999 UL https://hdl.handle.net/10272/27999 LA eng NO Yao, Z.-Q., Xu, Y.-Z., Binosi, D., Cui, Z.-F., Ding, M., Raya, K., Roberts, C. D., Rodríguez-Quintero, J., & Schmidt, S. M. (2025). Nucleon gravitational form factors. The European Physical Journal A, 61(5). https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/s10050-025-01557-x NO We are grateful for constructive interactions with S.-X. Qin. Work supported by: National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant nos. 12135007, 12233002); Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (grant no. BK20220122); Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN grant no. PID2022-140440NB-C22); and Junta de Andalucía (grant no. P18-FR-5057). DS Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Huelva RD 30 may 2026