RT Journal Article
T1 Methodology for three-dimensional analysis of asymmetries in joint moments in cycling
A1 Martín Sosa, Ezequiel
A1 Mayo Núñez, Juana
A1 Ojeda Granja, Joaquín
AB Background and introduction: The assessment of lower-limb joint moment asymmetries during cycling is critical, as inter-limb imbalances may lead to performance decrements, overload, or injury risk. While most investigations have focused on the sagittal plane, asymmetries may also arise in the frontal and transverse planes, with potential implications for both performance and health. The present study performed a three-dimensional analysis of joint moment asymmetries and examined the influence of pedalling power on their magnitude in ten amateur cyclists under three power conditions.Methodology: Asymmetries were quantified using a modified version of the Normalised Symmetry Index (NSI), the Cross-Correlation Coefficient (CCC), and the newly proposed metric Asymmetries During Cycle (ADC) index. Results: Results indicated that these indices must be applied jointly to identify whether asymmetries arise from magnitude differences, temporal pattern discrepancies, or both. The greatest asymmetries were  observed in the frontal and transverse planes, and their magnitude decreased progressively with increasing pedalling power. Discussion: The novelty of this work resides in the combined application of NSI, CCC, and the ADC index to three-dimensional joint moment analysis, which together provide a comprehensive and mechanistic understanding of asymmetries throughout the pedalling cycle, an approach not previously  reported in cycling biomechanics.
PB Frontiers Media
SN 2296-4185 (electrónico)
YR 2026
FD 2026
LK https://hdl.handle.net/10272/28043
UL https://hdl.handle.net/10272/28043
LA eng
NO Martín-Sosa, E., Mayo, J., & Ojeda, J. (2026). Methodology for three-dimensional analysis of asymmetries in joint moments in cycling. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2025.1692531
NO This research was funded by the project with reference PID 2022-137525OB-C22 funded by MICIU/ AEI//10.13039/501100011033 and by FEDER, EU.
DS Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Huelva
RD 1 jun 2026