RT Journal Article T1 Design of a Low-Cost Multiplexer for the Study of the Impact of Soiling on PV Panel Performance A1 López Rodríguez, Gabriel A1 Ramírez, Diego A1 Sarmiento Pérez, Juan José A1 Ferrada, Pablo AB Atmospheric factors, such as clouds, wind, dust, or aerosols, play an important role in thepower generation of photovoltaic (PV) plants. Among these factors, soiling has been revealed as oneof the most relevant causes diminishing the PV yield, mainly in arid zones or deserts. The effect ofsoiling on the PV performance can be analyzed by means of I–V curves measured simultaneously ontwo PV panels: one soiled and the other clean. To this end, two I–V tracers, or one I–V tracer alongwith a multiplexer, are needed. Unfortunately, these options are usually expensive, and only one I–Vtracer is typically available at the site of interest. In this work, the design of a low-cost multiplexer isdescribed. The multiplexer is controlled by a low-cost single-board microcontroller manufacturedby ArduinoTM, and is capable of managing several pairs of PV panels almost simultaneously. Themultiplexer can be installed outdoors, in contrast to many commercial I–V tracers or multiplexers.This advantage allows the soiling effect to be monitored on two PV panels, by means of I–V indoortracers. I–V curves measured by the low-cost multiplexer are also presented, and preliminary resultsare analyzed PB MDPI SN 1996-1073 (electrónico) YR 2021 FD 2021 LK http://hdl.handle.net/10272/20026 UL http://hdl.handle.net/10272/20026 LA eng NO López, G., Ramírez, D., Alonso-Montesinos, J., Sarmiento, J., Polo, J., Martín-Chivelet, N., Marzo, A., Batlles, F. J., & Ferrada, P. (2021). Design of a Low-Cost Multiplexer for the Study of the Impact of Soiling on PV Panel Performance. Energies, 14(14), 4186. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14144186 NO This research was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry, and Competitiveness “PVCastSOIL” project No ENE2017-83790-C3-1-2-3-R, in collaboration with the EuropeanRegional Development Fund DS Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Huelva RD 2 jun 2026