RT Journal Article
T1 Study of PM2.5-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and anhydro-sugars in ambient air near two Spanish oil refineries: Covid-19 effects
A1 Guzmán, Marco Antonio
A1 Fernández, A. J.
A1 Boente López, Carlos
A1 Márquez Martínez, Gonzalo
A1 Sánchez de la Campa Verdona, Ana María
A1 Lorenzo García, Erica
AB We report the results from a 12 month-long study of the organic compounds associated to PM2.5 samples collected around two petroleum refineries (4 samples/month/site) in two complex industrial zones reporting atmospheric pollution issues in the past (Estuary of Huelva and Bay of Algeciras, Spain). Sampling campaign was done from March 2020 when a Covid-19 lockdown was established at Spain to March 2021. Concentrations of fine particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and anhydrosugars were separately measured using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and ion chromatography-amperometric detection (IC-PAD). The annual average abundances of PM2.5-bound benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) are 0.024 and 0.013 ng˖m−3 at La Rábida and Puente Mayorga monitoring stations, while both sites have annual average concentrations of levoglucosan in PM2.5 of 14.98 and 9.78 ng˖m−3, respectively. Seasonal variations are observed for concentrations of ƩPAHs and total anhydrosugars in both sampling sites. For PAHs, the highest concentrations averaging c. a. 0.400 (La Rábida) and 0.350 ng m−3 (Puente Mayorga) are reported in cold months during December 2020-Febraury 2021 (post-lockdown period), compared to the lowest levels averaging 0.111 and 0.211 ng˖m−3, respectively, in temperate months from mid-March 2020 to early June 2020 (0.284 and 0.321 ng m−3 on average annually), coinciding with the confinement and relaxation periods in Spain. Similarly, total anhydrosugars show the highest values of 81.80 ng˖m−3 (La Rábida) and 53.52 ng˖m−3 (Puente Mayorga) in winter and lowest values of 2.71 ng˖m−3 and 3.30 ng˖m−3 into the lockdown period (22.51 and 14.09 ng˖m−3 on average annually). Except phenanthrene, PAHs are present in PM2.5 principally as result of motor vehicle exhausts. Levoglucosan, a tracer for biomass burning, peaked in December 2020 and January 2021, during the high residential wood-burning season. In addition, multivariate analysis was used to assess the origin of organic components of PM2.5 samples. The two principal components are characterized by the grouping of heavy PAHs associated to vehicular traffic, and anhydrosugars indicating biomass burning emissions, respectively.
PB Elsevier
SN 1309-1042 (electrónico)
YR 2023
FD 2023
LK https://hdl.handle.net/10272/22399
UL https://hdl.handle.net/10272/22399
LA eng
NO Guzmán, M. A., Fernández, A. J., Boente, C., Márquez, G., Sánchez de la Campa, A. M., & Lorenzo, E. (2023). Study of PM2.5-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and anhydro-sugars in ambient air near two Spanish oil refineries: Covid-19 effects. In Atmospheric Pollution Research (Vol. 14, Issue 3, p. 101694). Elsevier BV. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apr.2023.101694
NO We are grateful to the project of the Ministry of Science, Innovationand Universities of Spain (Project RTI 2018-095937-B-I00), the cofinancedproject by the Andalusian Government and the EU (PY18-2332), and the Environmental Agency of Andalusia for financial andtechnical support. Carlos Boente obtained a post-doctoral contractwithin the program PAIDI 2020 (Ref 707 DOC 01097), co-financed bythe Junta de Andalucía (Spain) and the EU. Funding for open accesscharge: Universidad de Huelva / CBUA.
DS Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Huelva
RD 30 may 2026