RT Journal Article
T1 ‘Digital divide’ among European entrepreneurs: Which types benefit most from ICT implementation?
A1 Millán Tapia, José María
A1 Lyalkov, Serhiy
A1 Burke, Andrew
A1 Millán, Ana
A1 Stel, André van
AB This paper explores the extent to which information and communication technology (ICT) is used bydifferent types of self-employed individuals and how it affects their earnings. We investigateindependent own-account workers (IOA), self-employed with employees (SEwE) and dependent selfemployedworkers (DSEW). Using recent survey data for 35 European countries, we find that earningsrise with the level of ICT use but only from a threshold of utilisation accounting for at least 25 per centof the time. Moreover, we find that the increase in earnings associated with ICT adoption and usage islarger for SEwE types when compared to both IOA and DSEW. Finally, we find an indirect negativeinertia effect of job tenure (i.e., entrepreneurs who have been running their business for a relatively longperiod of time) on earnings (via low ICT adoption and use). Policy implications are also discussed.
PB Elsevier
SN 0148-2963
YR 2021
FD 2021-03
LK http://hdl.handle.net/10272/19821
UL http://hdl.handle.net/10272/19821
LA eng
NO Millán Tapia, J. M., Lyalkov, S., Burke, A., Millán, A. & Stel, A. (2021). ‘Digital divide’ among European entrepreneurs: Which types benefit most from ICT implementation? Journal of Business Research Volume 125, Pages 533-547. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.10.034
DS Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Huelva
RD 14 jul 2026