RT Journal Article T1 Key Factors in the Implementation of E-Proctoring in the Spanish University System A1 Infante Moro, Alfonso A1 Infante Moro, Juan Carlos A1 Gallardo Pérez, Julia A1 Martínez López, Francisco José AB Between two possible practices when supervising a remote synchronous evaluation, duringthe COVID-19 pandemic, the majority of Spanish universities opted for the use of videoconferenceswith audio and active video, instead of implementing e-proctoring. Thus, in order to analyzethe reasons for this non-implementation and take measures so that its use can be extended in theSpanish university system, this study focused on identifying the critical factors in the decision ofSpanish universities to accept and implement e-proctoring as a method of remote supervision. Forthis, a causal study was carried out using the methodology of fuzzy cognitive maps, and the dataobtained were processed through the FCMappers tool. This allowed a glimpse of the key role playedby students in this non-implementation (who alleged the non-possibility of having the resourcesnecessary for the use of e-proctoring and the violation of privacy that the use of this tool entailed)and highlighted the role of the “pressure or incentives from government” factor if these allegationsare to be eliminated and if e-proctoring is to be implemented in Spanish universities PB MDPI SN 2071-1050 (electrónico) YR 2022 FD 2022-07 LK http://hdl.handle.net/10272/21068 UL http://hdl.handle.net/10272/21068 LA eng NO Infante-Moro, A., Infante-Moro, J. C., Gallardo-Pérez, J., & Martínez-López, F. J. (2022). Key Factors in the Implementation of E-Proctoring in the Spanish University System. In Sustainability (Vol. 14, Issue 13, p. 8112). MDPI AG. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14138112 DS Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Huelva RD 14 jul 2026