RT Journal Article T1 Effervescence-assisted spiral hollow-fibre liquid-phase microextraction of trihalomethanes, halonitromethanes, haloacetonitriles, and haloketones in drinking water A1 Domínguez Tello, Antonio A1 Domínguez Alfaro, Antonio A1 Arias Borrego, Ana A1 Gómez Ariza, José Luis A1 García Barrera, Tamara AB A new analytical method was optimized to determine 18 disinfection by-products (DBPs) in drinking water, including four different chemical groups. For this purpose, spiral-shaped hollow-fibre liquid phase microextraction with 1-octanol as the acceptor solvent assisted by effervescence was applied using a homemade supporting device that was specifically designed for this application. The device was printed in a 3D printer and allows for an increased fibre surface even with a low sample volume, which significantly facilitates the extraction. The samples were analysed by gas chromatography coupled to both an electron capture detector and a mass spectrometer for the quantification and unequivocal identification of the analytes, respectively. Effervescence was generated using citric acid and bicarbonate at a molar ratio 1:2, which significantly improves the extraction efficiency and reduces mechanical operations, since stirring and modifiers are not required. The results showed enrichment factors ranging from 13.1 to 140.1. Satisfactory recoveries (80-113 %) were obtained, with relative standard deviations from 3 to 15 % and good linearity. The detection limits (ng L-1) ranged from 10 to 35 (trihalomethanes), 12 to 220 (halonitromethanes), 17 to 79 (haloacetonitriles) and 10 to 16 (haloketones). The applicability of the method was assessed in 6 local water distribution systems. PB Elsevier SN 0304-3894 SN 1873-3336 (electrónico) YR 2020 FD 2020 LK https://hdl.handle.net/10272/23240 UL https://hdl.handle.net/10272/23240 LA eng NO Dominguez-Tello, A., Dominguez-Alfaro, A., Gómez-Ariza, J. L., Arias-Borrego, A., & García-Barrera, T. (2020). Effervescence-assisted spiral hollow-fibre liquid-phase microextraction of trihalomethanes, halonitromethanes, haloacetonitriles, and haloketones in drinking water. In Journal of Hazardous Materials (Vol. 397, p. 122790). Elsevier BV. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122790 NO PGC2018-16096608-B-C21 from the Spanish Ministry of Economy 516 and Competitiveness and Projects UHU-517 1256905 and P12-FQM-0442 from the Regional Department of Economy, Innovation, Science518 and Employment (Andalusian Government, Spain) and GIAHSA DS Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Huelva RD 31 may 2026