RT Journal Article T1 Promising Chalcogenide Hybrid Copolymers for Sustainable Applications as Bio-lubricants and Metal Adsorbents A1 Cubero Cardoso, Juan A1 Cuadri Vega, Antonio Abad A1 González Fermoso, Fernando A1 Martín Alfonso, José Enrique A1 Urbano Baena, Juan AB Inverse vulcanization has emerged as a reaction to achieve hybrid inorganic–organic polymeric materials, which allows us to use the high amount of sulfur produced during refining crude oil as a raw material. In this study, a gamut of copolymers has been formulated using a quantitative atom economy, that is, elemental sulfur and castor oil (CO), as can be seen from the appearance of gels to crystalline copolymers. The physical and chemical characterization has been carried out using techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, NMR, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis. Furthermore, two types of copolymers have been selected to test their capabilities in different applications. Copolymers with S ratios higher than 30% have been tested for water remediation, with high removal rates for metals such as lead and cadmium. Although copolymers with a percentage of up to 10% sulfur have been tested as bio-based lubricants, showing improvements in terms of viscosities compared to the initial vegetable oil. PB American Chemical Society SN 2637-6105 (electrónico) YR 2022 FD 2022 LK http://hdl.handle.net/10272/21254 UL http://hdl.handle.net/10272/21254 LA eng NO Cubero-Cardoso, J., Cuadri, A. A., Fermoso, F. G., Martín-Alfonso, J. E., & Urbano, J. (2022). Promising Chalcogenide Hybrid Copolymers for Sustainable Applications as Bio-lubricants and Metal Adsorbents. In ACS Applied Polymer Materials (Vol. 4, Issue 5, pp. 3667–3675). American Chemical Society (ACS). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.2c00209 NO The authors want to express their acknowledgement forFundación Cátedra Cepsa for kindly supplying the sulfur andthe Center for Research in Sustainable ChemistryCIQSOfor NMR facilities. We thank Francisco Molina for supportwith NMR studies. We also wish to thank the referees for theirvaluable contributions. Funding for open access charges isgiven by Universidad de Huelva/CBUA. DS Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Huelva RD 1 jun 2026