RT Journal Article
T1 Two decades of European Entrepreneurship: Is the answer to who makes an entrepreneur different over time and countries?
A1 Cowling, Marc
A1 Millán Tapia, José María
A1 Yue, Wei
AB Europe has become increasingly entrepreneurial over the last generation with a substantial rise in the numbers of working people choosing an entrepreneurial career path. This dynamic reflects longer-term changes in the nature of work itself and profound changes in the composition of the labour force. In this paper we consider two basic research questions: Who makes an entrepreneur? And, how has this changed over time and across countries? Using 1995 as our reference point this research examines how the demographics of people who choose an entrepreneurial career path has changed over a 20 year period, focusing particularly on gender, age, and educational dynamics. We find that the gender ‘gap’ has diminished in Old Europe but remains large in New Europe. Further, we re-iterate the importance of formal and informal human capital in the determination of self-employment. But we also find that economic and political turbulence matter, and both have a slow, but increasing effect on the rate of self-employment.
PB Elsevier
SN 2352-6734
YR 2019
FD 2019
LK https://hdl.handle.net/10272/23978
UL https://hdl.handle.net/10272/23978
LA eng
NO Cowling, M., Millán, J. M., & Yue, W. (2019). Two decades of European self-employment: Is the answer to who becomes self-employed different over time and countries? In Journal of Business Venturing Insights (Vol. 12, p. e00138). Elsevier BV. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbvi.2019.e00138
NO Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad: Proyecto de I+D+i ECO2017-86402-C2-2-R. Junta de Andalucía: Grupo de investigación SEJ-487 (Spanish Entrepreneurship Research Group – SERG). Universidad de Huelva: Estrategia de Política de Investigación y Transferencia.
DS Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Huelva
RD 30 may 2026