RT Journal Article T1 Reducing the Operating Energy of Buildings in Arid Climates through an Adaptive Approach A1 Albatayneh, Aiman A1 Assaf, Mohammed N. A1 Albadaineh, Renad A1 Juaidi, Adel A1 Abdallah, Ramez A1 Zabalo Torrejón, Alberto José A1 Manzano Agugliaro, Francisco AB Due to its excessive energy consumption, the building sector contributes significantly togreenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The type of thermal comfort models used to maintain the comfortof occupants has a direct influence on forecasting heating and cooling demands and plays a criticalrole in reducing actual energy usage in the buildings. In this research, a typical residential buildingwas simulated to compare the heating and cooling loads in four different Jordanian climates whenusing an adaptive thermal model versus the constant setting of temperature limits for air-conditioningsystems (19–24 ◦C). The air-conditioning system with constant temperature settings worked to sustainthermal comfort inside the building, resulting in a significantly increased cooling and heating load.By contrast, significant energy savings were achieved using the temperature limits of an adaptivethermal model. These energy savings equated to 1533, 6276, 3951, and 3353 kWh, which represented29.3%, 80.5%, 48.5%, and 67.5% of the total energy used for heating and cooling for zones one, two,three, and four, respectively PB MDPI SN 2071-1050 (electrónico) YR 2022 FD 2022-10 LK https://hdl.handle.net/10272/21574 UL https://hdl.handle.net/10272/21574 LA eng NO Albatayneh, A., Assaf, M. N., Albadaineh, R., Juaidi, A., Abdallah, R., Zabalo, A., & Manzano-Agugliaro, F. (2022). Reducing the Operating Energy of Buildings in Arid Climates through an Adaptive Approach. In Sustainability (Vol. 14, Issue 20, p. 13504). MDPI AG. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142013504 NO This work was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universitiesunder the program “Proyectos de I + D de Generacion de Conocimiento” of the national program forthe generation of scientific and technological knowledge and strengthening of the R + D + I systemwith grant number PGC 2018-098813-B-C 33 and from UAL-FEDER 2020, Ref. UAL2020-TIC-A2080.The authors would like to acknowledge: German Jordanian University, AnNajah National University, University of Almeria and the Huelva University for facilitatingthis research DS Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Huelva RD 15 jun 2026