Van Stel, AndréLyalkov, SerhiyMillán, AnaMillán Tapia, José María2024-06-072024-06-072019van Stel, A., Lyalkov, S., Millán, A. et al. The moderating role of IPR on the relationship between country-level R&D and individual-level entrepreneurial performance. J Technol Transf 44, 1427–1450 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10961-019-09731-20892-99121573-7047 (electrónico)https://hdl.handle.net/10272/23836Using recent data drawn from the European Working Conditions Survey for 32 European countries, we explore the relationship between country-level expenditures on R&D, Intellectual Property Rights (IPR), and individual-level entrepreneurial performance as measured by earnings. Our results show that both R&D expenditures and IPR are positively associated with earnings (and hence the quality) of individual entrepreneurs. However, we also find an intriguing moderation effect in the sense that IPR reduces the positive relationship between country R&D and entrepreneurial earnings. This suggests that too strict IPR legislation may hamper the diffusion of knowledge created by R&D. Hence, governments need to carefully consider the level of IPR they want to install, especially in countries with high R&D expenditures.engAtribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 3.0 Españahttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/es/Expenditure on R&DIntellectual property rightsEntrepreneurshipSelf-employmentEarningsEuropean Working Conditions Surveyjournal article10.1007/s10961-019-09731-2open access53 Ciencias Económicas5306.03 Transferencia de Tecnología