Yao, Zhao-QuianXu, YinzhenBinosi, DanieleCui, Zhu-FangDing, MinghuiRaya, KhépaniRoberts, Craig D.Rodríguez Quintero, JoséSchmidt, S. M.2026-02-232026-02-232025Yao, Z.-Q., Xu, Y.-Z., Binosi, D., Cui, Z.-F., Ding, M., Raya, K., Roberts, C. D., Rodríguez-Quintero, J., & Schmidt, S. M. (2025). Nucleon gravitational form factors. The European Physical Journal A, 61(5). https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/s10050-025-01557-x1434-60011434-601X (electrónico)https://hdl.handle.net/10272/27999A symmetry-preserving analysis of strong interaction quantum field equations is used to complete a unified treatment of pion, kaon, and nucleon electromagnetic and gravitational form factors. Findings include a demostration that the pion near-core pressure is roughly twice that in the proton, so both are significantly greater than that of a neutron star; parton species separations of the nucleon’s three gravitational form factors, in which, inter alia, the glue-to-quark ratio for each form factor is seen to take the same constant value, independent of momentum transfer; and a determination of proton radii orderings, with the mechanical (normal force) radius being less than the mass-energy radius, which is less than the proton charge radius. This body of predictions should prove useful in an era of experiments that will enable them to be tested.engAttribution 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/journal article10.1140/epja/s10050-025-01557-xopen access2212 Física Teórica