Geogaceta -- Nº 59, (2016)

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/10272/13540

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Validez de los resultados obtenidos a partir de las soluciones analíticas de Theis y Cooper-Jacob en ensayos de bombeo realizados en acuíferos costeros
(Sociedad Geológica de España, 2016) Calvache Quesada, María Luisa; Sánchez Úbeda, Juan Pedro; Duque, Carlos; López Chicano, Manuel; Torre Martínez, Beatriz de la
Two pumping tests were performed in the unconfined detrital Motril-Salobreña aquifer in a 250 metre-deep artesian well 300 m from the coastline containing both freshwater and saltwater. The two observation wells where the drawdowns are measured record the influence of tidal fluctuations and a high vertical heterogeneity in the aquifer. The Theis and Cooper-Jacob approaches give average T and S values of 1,460 m2/d and 0.027, respectively. Numerical modelling in a synthetic model was applied to analyse the sensitivity of the Theis and Cooper-Jacob approaches to the usual boundary conditions in coastal aquifers. The T and S values calculated from the numerical modelling drawdowns indicate that the regional flow, variable pumping flows, and tidal effect produce an error of under 10% in results obtained with classic methods. Fluids of different density (freshwater and saltwater) cause an error of 20% in estimating T and of over 100% in calculating S. The factor most affecting T and S results in the pumping test interpretation is vertical heterogeneity in sediments, which can produce errors of over 100% in both parameters
Recarga artificial de acuíferos en la MASub Boquerón y gestión integrada de recursos hídricos mediante Optiges
(Sociedad Geológica de España, 2016) Jódar Abellán, Antonio; García Aróstegui, José Luis
Artificial groundwater recharge is the technique in which water is usually introduced into the subsoil in order to alleviate water deficits of certain hydrogeological formations. In the study the appropriateness of incorporating the technique into a real system of water resources management is valued choosing the Boquerón groundwater body, and in particular the aquifer with the same name, located in the municipality of Hellín (Segura basin, Spain). The modeling indicates that the technique would reduce water deficits and increase guarantee of supply in the system elements, although the recharged volume is not sufficient to reduce the overexploitation of the Boquerón aquifer
Reactivación de deslizamientos costeros por el desarrollo urbanístico en el litoral granadino. Monitorización DInSAR e inventario de daños
(Sociedad Geológica de España, 2016) Azañón, José Miguel; Mateos, Rosa María; Notti, Davide; Fernández Chacón, Francisca; Roldán García, Francisco Javier; Monserrat, Oriol; Lamas, Francisco; Pérez, Vicente; Galve Arnedo, Jorge Pedro
The Marina del Este and Los Cármenes del Mar resorts, in the municipality of Almuñécar (Granada) were developed onto areas with large-dormant landslides, as they generally present a more gentle slope than adjacent stable zones. Consequently, landslides have been reactivated, as DInSAR results confirm. During the rainy winter 2009-2010, movements were accelerated. Severe damages in dwellings have been reported and some houses have been evacuated, causing a great social alarm. The present work shows the great requirement to take into account natural hazards in land-use planning and urban policy in hazardous areas in Spain, which is highly significant to protect the public from geological risks
Origen y distribución de Tierras Raras (REEs) en el agua y en los sedimentos de la Laguna de El Hito (Cuenca, España Central)
(Sociedad Geológica de España, 2016) Sánchez Palencia, Yolanda; Llamas, F. J.; Torres, Trinidad de; Ortiz, José Eugenio; Higueras, Pablo L.; Esbrí, José María
Determination of Rare Earth Elements (REEs) in the waters and sediments of El Hito Lake and its drainage basin was carried out. Distribution maps for REEs concentrations show increasing values in the lake sediments from the center to the eastern edge reaching 166.5 mg/kg. In the drainage basin, higher values were observed with a maximum of 350.9 mg/kg in the southern part. Concentrations in the water were considerably lower with a maximum value of 1.3 µg/L. Ce, La and Nd were the most abundant elements. When normalized REE concentrations against NASC (North American Shale Composite), a positive anomaly of Eu in the water and of Nd in the sediments (lake and basin) was observed. The (La/Gd)NASC and (La/Yb)NASC ratios determined the predominance of light REE (LREE) over medium (MREE) and heavy REE (HREE)
Nuevos datos hidroquímicos e isotópicos en el manantial kárstico de Maro (Nerja, Málaga). Consideraciones sobre el origen de los solutos y de la influencia de la ventilación en la zona vadosa
(Sociedad Geológica de España, 2016) Vadillo Pérez, Iñaki; Benavente Herrera, José; Liñán Baena, Cristina; Carrasco Cantos, Francisco; Soler Gil, Albert
The previously stated model concerning the behaviour of the karstic spring of Maro is corroborated with new data from the 2004-2014 period. Sulphate isotopes allow linking the origin of solutes with the dissolution of Mesozoic gypsum. Other hydrochemical data (pH, DO) suggest the association of the spring with relatively large and well-ventilated karstic conduits in the vadose zone of the carbonate aquifer drained by the spring. During the winter season, such conduits could be affected by pressure or temperaturedriven high-PCO2 airflows that may be responsible for local decreases in the pH of the spring water
New lithologic and structural data of the central and eastern part of Ceuta (Rif Cordillera)
(Sociedad Geológica de España, 2016) Sanz de Galdeano, Carlos; Ruiz Cruz, María Dolores
In the central and eastern parts of Ceuta two tectonic units are differentiated: a) the Hacho unit, formed by two groups of orthogneisses which foliation permits to establish the structure: an anticline with a periclinal end at its western edge, and b) the Istmo unit, with peridotites at the bottom, followed by migmatitic granulites, gneisses, and dark mica schists. The thrust of the peridotites over the orthogneisses of the Hacho unit occurred under fragile conditions. For the first time several types of rocks, not previously described, have been localized: dark mica schist and phyllites and quartzites, these two last perhaps corresponding to the Federico units. With the new data, these units can be better compared, with those Alpujárride/Sebtide in the sectors of Jubrique-GuadaizaBenahavís
Movimientos de ladera en la Costa de Almuñécar y su entorno
(Sociedad Geológica de España, 2016) Chacón, José; El Hamdouni, Rachid; Irigaray, Clemente; Jiménez Perálvarez, Jorge; Fernández, Paz; Fernández del Castillo, Tomás; Alameda, Pedro; Palenzuela, José Antonio; Moya, José
The Eastern coast of the Granada Province, modelled on Alpujarrides metapelitic rocks, has been very frequently affected by landslides, usually triggered by a combination of rainfall and anthropic actions. Its relief includes instable zones and old landslides of variable size and unknown age. In the seventies, great residential resorts were damaged in Punta de la Mona and Velilla (Almuñécar), and then roadworks for widening the National Road 340, induced slope failures affecting new residential areas along the road in the municipalities of Salobreña and Almuñécar. More recently, from the late nineties, a great residential complex built up on Cerro Gordo (La Herradura, Almuñécar), is heavily affected since 2005 by widespread damages; its construction involved excavations and fillings, frequently performed too quickly, and lacking of adequate drainage and stabilization treatments. Rainfall and the leaks by breakage of water supply and sanitation networks are the main triggering factor. In this paper the main geological and geotechnical features common to the different study cases are described and also some relevant aspects of a final legal sentence which concern to the urban planning and the geotechnical practices and should be taken into account in order to minimize its undesirable consequences
Miocene deformation front propagation and strain partitioning within the fold-and-thrust belt of the Central Betics
(Sociedad Geológica de España, 2016) Jiménez Bonilla, Alejandro; Balanyá, Juan Carlos; Expósito Ramos, Inmaculada; Crespo Blanc, Ana; Torvela, Taija; Díaz Azpiroz, Manuel; Barcos, Leticia
The External Zones of migrating orogenic arcs can be deformed as fold-and-thrust belts where the advance of the deformation front toward the foreland is contemporary to the arc-lengthening. The Sierra de Cabra, in the Central Betics, is made up of Subbetic units surrounded by synorogenic, Middle to Upper Miocene rocks. The combined data from surface and seismic profiles show the presence of partially coetaneous structures during the Middle Miocene: (i) a NNW-verging thrust system detached within Triassic evaporites accommodating arcperpendicular shortening, (ii) N-S, NW-SE and NNE-SSW normal faults accommodating WSW-ENE stretching and (iii) WSW-ENE normal faults. These results allow us to interpret the Sierra de Cabra as the Langhian Betic fold-and-thrust belt front. Additionally, the WSW-ENE stretching contributes to the structural and topographic segmentation along-strike the Betics. The Miocene strain partitioning here proposed is similar to that found in the Western Betics
Las rocas básicas alcalinas intrusivas del Norte de Mallorca (Islas Baleares): características geoquímicas
(Sociedad Geológica de España, 2016) Enrique Gisbert, Pere
The olivine diabases and teschenites that intruded into the Triassic sediments from the Serra de Tramuntana of Mallorca, belong, at least, to two different undersaturated alkaline series. The most undersaturated series evolves from K-rich basanitic magmas up to phonotephritic. These magmas are similar to those of some series found in continental rift environments. The less undersaturated series comes from less alkaline magmas and does not show differentiated terms. The trace element and REE composition suggest low degrees of melting of modified mantle peridotites, in equilibrium with garnet. The two series are equally distributed along the mountain range in different tectonic units
Identificación de procesos hidrogeoquímicos mediante elementos minoritarios en Sierra de Gádor (Almería, España)
(Sociedad Geológica de España, 2016) Díaz Puga, Miguel Ángel; Vallejos, Ángela; Sola, Fernando; Daniele, L.; Molina, Luis; Pulido Bosch, Antonio
A groundwater sampling has been carried out in Sierra de Gador (SE Spain) with the aim of determining the processes in which minor ions are involved. Previous works have allowed us to differentiate four groups according to the major ion content. This study enables to subdivide one of these groups. The SO42-/Ba2+ relationship shows two distinct trends, controlled by the precipitation of barite in the sulfated samples. Ions as lithium and boron are related to the existence of sulfate and to the groundwater thermalism. Last, the ion Br is a useful indicator of salinity in the samples
Glándulas de la sal en Maledictosuchus riclaensis (Metriorhynchidae, Thalattosuchia) del Calloviense de la Península Ibérica
(Sociedad Geológica de España, 2016) Parrilla Bel, Jara; Canudo, José Ignacio; Fortuny, Josep; Llacer, Sergio
Maledictosuchus riclaensis is a Callovian metriorhynchid from the Iberian Peninsula. Metriorhynchids are marine crocodylomorphs that evolved numerous adaptations to a pelagic life-style. As well as morphological adaptations, they evolved hypertrophied salt glands, which imply a high degree of specialization. These glands were described in two metriorhynchid species. The salt glands control the ionic concentration balance in the organism. As they are soft tissue, they hardly fossilize. In the last years, computerized tomography has achieved great importance in palaeontological research, since it allows the visualization and study of the internal bone structures and the 3D digitalization in a non-invasive way and without putting the specimen at risk. The holotype of Maledictosuchus riclaensis consists on a very well preserved skull and three vertebrae. A computerized tomography of the skull shows the presence of hypertrophied salt glands in this taxon
Geolodía para un público numeroso: claves para su organización
(Sociedad Geológica de España, 2016) Crespo Blanc, Ana; Alfaro García, Pedro; Alonso Zarza, Ana María; Aurell, Marc; Calonge, Amelia; Carcavilla, Luis; Corral, Isabel
Geoloday is an outreach initiative at national level, coordinated by the Geological Society of Spain. It consists in a fieldtrip guided by teams of geologists, with as much excursions as Spanish provinces. We analyze the participation in the last six editions. This bring us to determine the optimum format of this event when there is a lot of people, that is, the organizers fixed in the stops while the public moves by walking from one stop to the other. Finally, we give a series of key points in terms of organization to deserve a qualified attention to a lot of participants. At the same time, these advices are useful in order that not only these latter but also the organizers enjoy Geoloday
Evolución hidroquímica de las aguas superficiales en los tramos alto y medio del río Andarax (Almería)
(Sociedad Geológica de España, 2016) Sánchez Martos, Francisco; Navarro Martínez, Francisco; Gisbert Gallego, Juan; Molina, Luis; Vallejos, Ángela
The Andarax river includes every kind of flow type along its course: perennial, intermittent and ephemeral. This diversity of flow, along with the variable lithology of the area and the influence of groundwater influences the hydrochemistry of the surface water, which exhibits significant rises and falls of salinity over space and time. On the basis of a series of hydrogeochemical data, we discuss the factors that condition the chemical variability, related to the flow type and the outcropping geology of the area
Estimación geoestadística del contenido en manganeso en suelos y su relación con las aguas subterráneas en España
(Sociedad Geológica de España, 2016) Luque Espinar, Juan Antonio; Pardo Igúzquiza, Eulogio; Grima Olmedo, Juan; Martínez Romero, Sandra; Yesares García, Jesús; Rodríguez Galiano, Víctor Francisco; Mendes, María Paula
Metal content in groundwater is a problem intensely studied by different researchers worldwide. High concentrations of these elements are related to geogenic sources besides of anthropogenic activities. In this work, a geostatistical estimation of manganese content in the soils of Spain (peninsula), in order to define the source areas of this element, is displayed. This estimate has been compared to groundwater analysis from the quality monitoring network of Agriculture, Food and Environment Ministry (MAGRAMA) to determine the influence of soil concentration on groundwater bodies, particularly in areas where high levels of concentration are found. For geostatistical estimation over 13,000 soil analyses have been employed, while the groundwater quality database has provided more than 9,900 records since year 2000, when the Water Framework Directive (WFD) came into force. Results show the existence of broad sectors where Manganese concentration in groundwater is over 0.4 ppm, that is likely responsible for adverse health effects. In general, these values are linked to certain human activities
Estimación de parámetros hidrogeológicos en los acuíferos costeros del Bajo Guadalhorce (Málaga) mediante el análisis de la influencia de las mareas
(Sociedad Geológica de España, 2016) Nieto López, José Manuel; Andreo Navarro, Bartolomé; Mudarra Martínez, Matías
By the use of continuous data recording on two points of the Bajo Guadalhorce coastal sector (Malaga province, southern Spain), located at 626 m and 985 m inland, it has been possible to verify a clear influence of tidal oscillations on the water table of the unconfined and the confined aquifers. Various methods to estimate aquifer transmissivity have been applied. The results depends on the method and, more important, on the storage coefficient (S) values. After the calculations it is possible to confirm that the time lag and tidal efficiency factor methods give coherent results with previous data, although with the time lag method the transmissivity values are an order of magnitude higher
El registro sedimentario del lago Sant Maurici (Pirineos Centrales)
(Sociedad Geológica de España, 2016) Calero, Miguel Ángel; Valero Garcés, Blas; Rull, Valentí; Vegas Vilarrúbia, Teresa; Garcés Pastor, Sandra; López Vila, Julià; Camarero, Jesús Julio
The St. Maurici Lake (1.004818 E, 42.580801 N, 1924 m a.s.l.) is located in the eastern area of "Parc Nacional d’Aigüestortes i Estany de Sant Maurici", Central Pyrenees, Catalonia. The lake occupies an overexcavated basin behind a terminal moraine. This paper aims to reconstruct the evolution of depositional environments and their relation to climate evolution since deglaciation to the present, based on a 8.7-m long sequence retrieved in the deepest part of the lake and a preliminary chronological model with three 14C AMS dates. After the glacial retreat carbonatic very fine sands and silts without organic matter were deposited in a proglacial environment. Early Holocene sediments are massive fine sands to laminated sandy silts with increasing organic content and some sand layers. A sedimentary hiatus occurred during the mid Holocene and the sedimentation re-started after ca. 4 ka with deposition of organic facies. Changes in clastic content reflect centennial scale run-off variability during the last millennia
Dolomita bacteriana en facies carbonato-yesíferas de lagos efímeros (Formación Deza, Eoceno superior, Cuenca de Almazán)
(Sociedad Geológica de España, 2016) Bustillo Revuelta, María Ángeles; Armenteros, Ildefonso; Huerta, Pedro
The lower sequence of the Deza Formation represents an ephemeral carbonate lacustrine environment revealed by the presence of limnic fossil and evidence of dry periods marked by the presence of numerous carbonate pseudomorphs, after lenticular interstitial gypsum crystals. In this work, the results of a petrological study of some dolomite facies in the lower sequence are shown to highlight the characteristics of dolomite crystals and to demonstrate their origin by biomineralization. The dolostones have massive or grumelar texture, with microfossils (gastropods and charophytes less than 2%) and carbonate pseudomorphs (calcite or dolomite) after interstitial lenticular gypsum crystals (20-60%); they have always palyigorskite as cement and may have undergone dedolomitization and silicification. Under SEM dolomite crystals are cylindrical, with sizes up to 40 microns in high. Due to their concentric inner vacuolar structure, high fluorescence, and the occasional occurrence of "dumbbell" forms, the dolomite is interpreted as formed as a result of sulfate reducing bacteria and EPS activity. This dolomite occurred in a micrite/biomicrite mud with interstitial gypsum crystals formed during drought periods. The biodolomite was formed at the expenses of the original calcareous matrix by replacement of gypsum crystals
Distribución de los micromoluscos actuales de los Ojos de Añavieja (Soria, España)
(Sociedad Geológica de España, 2016) Martínez García, Blanca; Ordiales, Amaia; Larraz, Mariano; Pérez García, Antonio; Muñoz Jiménez, Arsenio; Luzón, Aránzazu; Miguez Aralucea, Maite; Murelaga, Xabier
In this work, the recent micromollusc assemblages of the Añavieja springs have been studied, identifying one bivalve (Pisidium sp.) and 12 gastropod species, five of which are terrestrial (Cochlicella sp., Truncatellina cylindrica, Vallonia costata, Vallonia pulchella and Vertigo pygmaea) and the rest are aquatic (Acroloxus lacustris, Ferrissia sp., Gyraulus crista, Gyraulus laevis, Gyraulus cf. crista, Gyraulus sp. and Potamopyrgus antipodarum). According to their distribution in the study area, the streams with some current are unfavourable environments for the malacofauna. The possible anthropic contamination in one of the studied spring does not allow the normal development of these organisms. On the contrary, springs without anthropic influence, more quiet waters and large vegetation cover, are shown like more favourable environments for these micromolluscs. The knowledge of these recent assemblages and the ecological factors that determine their distribution in this area will be used as recent comparison model for possible palaeoenvironmental reconstructions based on malacofauna carried out in this wetland
Caracterización ecológica de los ostrácodos holocenos de los Ojos de Añavieja (Soria, España)
(Sociedad Geológica de España, 2016) Martínez García, Blanca; Ordiales, Amaia; Pérez García, Antonio; Muñoz Jiménez, Arsenio; Luzón, Aránzazu; Murelaga, Xabier
In this work, the holocene ostracod assemblages of the Añavieja surrounding springs have been studied for the first time, allowing the preliminary differentiation of three subenvironments within this wetland. Thus, the first identified subenvironment gathers areas with high ecological stress due to the seasonality of the water flow and the possible anthropic contamination, where Eucypris virens abounds. The predominance of Cypria ophtalmica defines a second environment, being characterised by the development of large vegetation covers in three of the studied springs. In the third subenvironment the abundance of D arwinula stevensoni and the high water temperature (18.5 ºC) suggest a thermal origin for the spring of Añavieja. This work highlights the use of these microorganisms to characterise ecologically this wetland and to detect possible anthropic impacts on it. The definition of these recent assemblages and their ecological variables allow the comparison with fossil assemblages, thus providing the realization of accurate palaeoenvironmental reconstructions in this area
Caracterización ecológica de los ostrácodos holocenos de los Ojos de Añavieja (Soria, España)
(Sociedad Geológica de España, 2016) Martínez García, Blanca; Ordiales, Amaia; Pérez García, Antonio; Muñoz Jiménez, Arsenio; Luzón, Aránzazu; Murelaga, Xabier
In this work, the holocene ostracod assemblages of the Añavieja surrounding springs have been studied for the first time, allowing the preliminary differentiation of three subenvironments within this wetland. Thus, the first identified subenvironment gathers areas with high ecological stress due to the seasonality of the water flow and the possible anthropic contamination, where Eucypris virens abounds. The predominance of Cypria ophtalmica defines a second environment, being characterised by the development of large vegetation covers in three of the studied springs. In the third subenvironment the abundance of D arwinula stevensoni and the high water temperature (18.5 ºC) suggest a thermal origin for the spring of Añavieja. This work highlights the use of these microorganisms to characterise ecologically this wetland and to detect possible anthropic impacts on it. The definition of these recent assemblages and their ecological variables allow the comparison with fossil assemblages, thus providing the realization of accurate palaeoenvironmental reconstructions in this area

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