The International journal of digital accounting research -- V. 02, (2002)

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/10272/1470

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The sensitivity of machine learning techniques to variations in sample size : a comparative analysis
(Universidad de Huelva, 2002) Andrés, Javier de; Lorca, Pedro; Combarro, Elías F.
A comparative analysis of the performance of some well-known classification techniques (Discriminant Analysis, Quinlan’s See5, and Neural Networks) and certain machine learning systems of recent development (ARNI, FAN and SVM) is conducted. The chosen classification task is the forecasting of the level of efficiency of Spanish commercial and industrial companies. Assignment of the firms is made upon the basis of a set of financial ratios, which make a high dimension feature space with low separability degree. In the present research the effects on the accuracy of variations of each technique in the estimation sample size are measured. The main results suggest that ARNI and See5 yield the best results, even with small sample sizes.
On-line financial reporting : an analysis of the Dutch listed firms
(Universidad de Huelva, 2002) Lybaert, Nadine
This paper reports on the extent to which the Internet is used for financial reporting in the Netherlands. Results show that corporate reporting via the Internet seems to be an established fact. Most large companies have websites, and a growing percentage of those companies are placing business reporting information, including financial data, on their sites. However, the situation is not as positive as it seems. Further results show that Dutch corporations vary not only in their stage of Web-utilization, but also in the depth or volume of released information (divided into financial statement information and other investor related information). Besides, there is considerable variability in the manner in which the data are delivered, as shown by the scores of timeliness, technology and user support. In fact, the total weighted scores ranged between 11% and 74%. Concentrating on two sectors, it is found that the reporting behaviour within a single sector seems to be more or less homogeneous. This makes us conclude that companies are (partly) inspired by their competitors, and that they wish to keep pace with rivals.
Enterprise extension through extensible markup language
(Universidad de Huelva, 2002) Hussein, Mohamed E.; Tam, Kinsun
An extended enterprise is comprised of multiple linkages between and amongst a company and its suppliers, distributors, customers and others. Linkages are long term collaborative agreements based on synergies and the ability to create value. An extended enterprise eliminates wasteful transaction costs and removes redundancies, delays and inefficiencies from the supply chain. This is accomplished through the coordination of demand forecasting, production planning, deployment and transportation as well as creating organizational and process links with seamless information flows between them. Extended enterprise is enabled by developments in technology, especially information technology. Sharing information about sales forecast, production schedules, inventory, etc. makes an extended enterprise a win/win situation. Extended enterprise networks have used information technology systems such as electronic data interchanges, enterprise resource planning, and the Internet with different degrees of success. The Integrated Manufacturing Technology Initiative has identified several information technology criteria as critical to the success of future enterprises. Based on these criteria, this paper discusses XML’s contribution to the extended enterprise paradigm. Dell’s direct sale model is used to illustrate the role of XML in enterprise extension.
A critical analysis of the "innovators dilemma" : why should new technologies cause great firms to fail
(Universidad de Huelva, 2002) Alles, Michael G.
The disruptive innovation (DI) theory developed by Clayton Christensen has been one of the most influential management concepts in recent years, being required reading at such prominent companies as Microsoft, AT&T and Cisco Systems. In this paper we describe the disruptive innovation process and analyze the underlying assumptions of both the theory and of its practice implications. We argue that there is much misunderstanding in the business world as to the exact meaning of the theory and a clear need for greater clarity on when it arises and what firms can do about it. In particular, we find that the theory makes implicit assumptions about the availability of information that may be hard to sustain in most circumstances. Our analysis gives rise to the conclusion that the standard models of management control cannot fully explain why disruptive innovations should necessarily cause well-run firms to fail, while at the same time startups are able to succeed. That leaves two possibilities: that the process is invalid as a descriptive phenomenon, or alternatively, that some other force is driving the DI phenomenon. It is the second possibility that we focus on in this paper, developing a model based on Prospect Theory that more fully explains why managers at large firms would react differently to a DI than those at startups. Better understanding the assumptions underlying DI theory and its practice implications is critical for those whose responsibility it is to develop the firm’s strategic control systems, in particular, to management accountants.
The use of the internet for corporate reporting by Spanish companies
(Universidad de Huelva, 2002) Larrán Jorge, Manuel; Giner, Begoña
During the last decade there has been a profound revolution in the information technology by means of the Internet, and obviously accounting has been directly affected by this change. Although the main objective of this paper is to study the use of the Internet by Spanish companies to disclose financial information, we also discuss about the reasons of companies to use the new technologies to communicate with interested parties and its consequences. The empirical research is based on companies listed on the Madrid stock exchange , we analyse not only the information provided, but also the factors that explain the different attitudes of companies towards this vehicle for investors relationships. The results show that size is the main factor that explains not only the quantity but also the quality of financial information.
A survey on voluntary disclosure on the internet : empirical evidence from 300 European union companies
(Universidad de Huelva, 2002) Bonsón Ponte, Enrique; Escobar Rodríguez, Tomás
Nowadays, the Internet is a powerful means for companies to voluntarily disclose all kind of financial information. A wide academic literature exists on the field. Findings reveal that the financial information disclosed is wider than that normally required by accounting regulations. Furthermore, the disclosure on the Internet of compulsory information can be considered as a voluntary reporting practice in itself. In this paper, the information currently provided on the Internet by leading companies in different European countries is analyzed in order to make a comparative analysis. To achieve this goal, data from the biggest (market value) 20 companies in each European Union country have been collected. Then, statistical tests have been performed to determine the relationships between what we have called companies’ transparency (dependent variable) and their sector, country of origin and size (independent variables). The results suggest that there is a statistically significant relationship between these three variables and the extent of voluntary disclosure (transparency) on the Internet.
The opportunity economy : enduring lessons from the ride and fall of the new economy
(Universidad de Huelva, 2002) Alles, Michael G.; Alles, Anthony
In this paper we argue that the business model underlying the new economy is based on the following interrelated and self-reinforcing forces: 1. The development of a new strategy of opportunity, which focuses on the use of creative innovation to open up new market spaces, rather than using exploitive innovation to prolong the life of existing products. 2. The democratization of competition thanks to the Internet and to process outsourcing. 3. Taken together, these forces result in a profound shift in the source of value creation in firms from processes and physical assets to people. With the drivers of business success so fundamentally transformed, almost all aspects of the firm and its management also need to change, from valuation, resource allocation and worker compensation, to what it takes to retain workers and promote innovation. But while the rules of business have changed, there has not been a corresponding shift in awareness among most managers. Assuming that there is nothing new in the New Economy is a profound and dangerous mistake. Managers that are so short sighted will find that they have not only lost out on the opportunities that the new economy continues to provide, but that the market downturn has only deferred, rather than eliminated, the threats that change poses to their firms.
On the design of an XML-schema based application for business reporting : an XBRL schema perspective
(Universidad de Huelva, 2002) Tam, Kinsun; Goel, Sanjay; Gangolly, Jagdish S.
A markup language for business reporting must satisfy many demanding criteria: readable by novices, extendable by users, minimum payload overheads, and a uniform graph structure to enable validation of document instance with minimal programming effort. To be elegant and robust it must be based on a model that reflects the intricacies of business reporting, and to be efficient in terms of maintenance it must be modular in structure. We suggest the skeleton of a derivative of the XBRL that exhibits most of the criteria stated above which uses the basic semantic structure provided in its specification and the associated C&I taxonomy. Our proposal provides domain-specific tags so that even the source documents are very readable. We provide a proof-of-concept schema for the Balance Sheet (using the XBRL C&I taxonomy) as an instance of a canonical generic labeled graph model for any financial statement. We also provide an algorithm for the validation of such labeled directed graph representation of a financial statement and its implementation in the programming language Java.

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