Managing cultural diversity in end-of-life care: a qualitative study

Abstract

Background In an increasingly globalized world, multiculturalism has transformed healthcare settings, making cultural diversity an essential component of care. In end-of-life processes, this context presents unique challenges, where care extends beyond clinical skills to involve complex, sensitive, and compassionate human interactions. Objective This study aimed to explore the difficulties perceived by nursing professionals in palliative care when caring for culturally diverse patients. Design The study employed an exploratory qualitative design with a phenomenological approach to examine professional experiences. Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted to capture detailed narratives from 11 purposely selected participants, providing a rich understanding of their lived experiences as nursing professionals. The study adhered to the COREQ guidelines (Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Studies). Results The analysis identified five main themes, including linguistic and communicative barriers that hinder trust-building between patients, families, and professionals. Cultural differences in beliefs, rituals, and expectations surrounding death were also noted. Challenges related to support networks, professional profiles, and workplace settings—such as insufficient training in cultural competence and the emotional impact of caring for culturally diverse patients at the end of life—were found to influence the quality of care provided. Conclusions In an increasingly multicultural world, end-of-life care should reflect the diversity it encompasses. Considering the perspectives of healthcare professionals caring for culturally diverse patients enhances the quality of care for both professionals and patients during their final moments, fostering a more inclusive and humanized care environment.