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La consecución de la igualdad de mujeres y hombres en el Espacio Europeo de Investigación: del Informe ETAN al Programa Marco de Investigación e Innovación Horizonte Europa
(Centro de Estudios Políticos y Constitucionales (CEPC), 2021) Saldaña Díaz, María Nieves
Desde la publicación del conocido Informe ETAN en 2000, la política de la Unión Europea en el ámbito de la investigación y la innovación, articulada fundamentalmente a través del Espacio Europeo de Investigación, incluye entre sus prioridades la igualdad de mujeres y hombres y la incorporación de la perspectiva de género en la investigación, definiéndose acciones para abordar los desequilibrios de género en las instituciones de investigación e integrar la dimensión de género y el análisis de sexo/género en el contenido de la investigación, como refleja el Programa Marco de Investigación e Innovación Horizonte 2020, así como el Programa Marco Horizonte Europa (2021-2027). No obstante, para asegurar su plena eficacia será indispensable que la Unión Europea adopte una directiva específica que obligue a todos los Estados miembros a adoptar disposiciones legislativas de carácter vinculante en sus estrategias nacionales de investigación e innovación, incluyéndose sistemas eficaces de seguimiento y evaluación.
Is it safe to just try? A longitudinal study of adolescent patterns of drinking and smoking via latent transition analyses
(Elsevier, 2026) Espejo Siles, Raquel; Rodríguez Ruiz, Joaquín; Zych, Izabela
Purpose A growing body of research reports fruitful evidence about longitudinal patterns of alcohol and tobacco use. However, it is still necessary to understand longitudinal patterns of alcohol and tobacco use separately especially to describe if their sporadic use in adolescence is indeed sporadic or leads to escalation. This study aimed at exploring stability and change in alcohol and tobacco use. Methods This was a prospective longitudinal study with three waves of yearly data collection in Spain. The sample at T1 (2020) included 889 adolescents (48.3 % female, Mage = 12.6; SDage = 0.83). Alcohol and tobacco use were measured with a validated questionnaire. Two Latent Transition Analyses were conducted. Results Three statuses were found for alcohol and tobacco use: non-user, sporadic user, and frequent user. Non-users and frequent users were highly stable over time, with the vast majority remining in their respective group one year later. Escalation from non-users to frequent users was rare and occurred only in 4–5 % of alcohol non-users and 3–5 % of tobacco non-users. On the other hand, sporadic users were likely to escalate to frequent users (>45 %) and unlikely to de-escalate to non-users (0–13 %). Similarly, sporadic tobacco users were relatively likely to escalate to frequent users (18–27 %) and 15–21 % de-escalated to non-users. Conclusions While non-users were relatively stable over time, the risk of escalation in alcohol and tobacco use after having tried these substances once or twice in adolescence was relatively high. Thus, interventions should discourage even sporadic experimentation with these substances and strengthening protective factors.
Wide B-type hot subdwarf binaries I. Orbital and atmospheric parameters
(EDP Sciences, 2026) Molina González, Francisco; Vos, Joris; Bobrick, Alexey; Vuckovic, Maja
Context. Long-period binary systems containing a B-type hot subdwarf (sdB) and a main sequence (MS) companion are thought to originate from binary interactions involving stable mass transfer from the red giant, which is the progenitor of the sdB, to the MS companion. However, despite the recent progress in modelling their population, some of their observed properties are not fully understood. Because the determination of their orbits requires extended campaigns of high-resolution spectroscopic observations, there have only been a limited number of long-period sdB binaries with completely determined orbital parameters studied thus far. Aims. We aim to expand the current sample of long-period sdB binaries with fully determined orbital parameters through the analysis of high-resolution spectroscopic data. In addition, we analyse the atmospheric parameters of the cool companions. Increasing the number of well-characterised systems will provide valuable insights into their formation channels and main characteristics. Methods. A sample of 32 wide binary systems containing sdB stars was selected for the analysis of the radial velocity (RV) curves of both companions. The dataset consisted of high-resolution spectra obtained with the HERMES and UVES spectrographs. The orbital parameters were derived by simultaneously fitting Keplerian orbits to the RVs of the sdB and its companion. The atmospheric parameters of the cool companions were determined using the GSSP code, which analyses the master spectra of the systems with a grid of local thermal equilibrium (LTE) atmospheric models. An additional sample of wide sdB binaries was built by cross-matching the Gaia NSS catalogue with literature catalogues of sdB candidates and spectroscopically confirmed sdB systems. The outcomes from both samples were compared with existing theoretical models to assess their consistency with current formation and evolutionary scenarios. Results. We obtained complete orbital solutions for 32 wide sdB binaries. The orbital period distribution of the ground-based spectroscopic sample is in reasonable agreement with population-synthesis predictions, except for two outliers. The CMD further suggests that current models overpredict systems with the coolest companions, since the observed systems with BP − RP > 0.3 are associated with companions hotter than 6000 K. The observed period-mass ratio distribution is consistent with recent population synthesis predictions and suggests that the unexplained second branch found in these models is mainly populated by old systems. Setting aside the two long-period outliers, we find the data do not support a clear increase in eccentricity with orbital period, whereas the Gaia-based candidate sample displays a discrepant behaviour, owing to selection effects and larger uncertainties.
Nombres, tipos y usos de la 'masṭara' en el reino de Castilla desde el siglo XIII
(Ediciones Complutense, 2026) Rodríguez Díaz, Elena Esperanza
Indagación de fuentes manuscritas e impresas españolas de la Edad Media, Moderna y Contemporánea sobre los nombres, usos y características del instrumento conocido en codicología como masṭara, cuyos resultados permiten explicar lo que se observa en los códices medievales. Este artículo también presenta tres códices castellanos, copiados entre los siglos XIII y XV, que aportan diversas evidencias del uso de esta herramienta de origen árabe. La masṭara o "pauta" se utilizaba de dos maneras diferentes, según se describe en las fuentes y se verifica en la práctica: para rayar con plomo sobre pergamino y papel, o para grabar la caja de escritura sobre papel. Los códices estudiados se fabricaron en Toledo, Guadalupe y Cuenca. Recíprocamente, su análisis demuestra que los conocimientos técnicos que llegaron a la Edad Moderna procedían de la tradición hispana medieval.
Sequential Determination of Mono- and Divalent Copper in Water by Flow-Injection Analysis
(IOPScience, 2014) León, Lara; Carbajo Timoteo, José Coronada; Maraver Puig, Joaquín; Mozo Llamazares, Juan Daniel
A simple and sequential method is presented for the fast speciation of copper in aqueous media. The use of a spectroelectrochemical flow-cell allows the quantification of individual copper oxidation states using a combination of spectroscopical and electrochemical techniques. The proposed method is based on a reverse flow injection system (r-FIA) for the spectrophotometric determination of Cu (II) with cuprizone, with a linear fit between 1.2 and 12 μg mL−1 and a detection limit of 0.11 μg mL−1. Amperometric determination of Cu (I) is synchronized with the optical measurement to avoid interferences and has a linear behavior ranged from 0.04 to 0.8 μg mL−1 and a detection limit of 7.7 ng mL−1.
Designing spectroelectrochemical cells:a review
(Elsevier, 2018) León, Lara; Mozo Llamazares, Juan Daniel
A review on the recent state of spectroelectrochemical techniques is presented. Starting with a discussion of the advantages of the application of spectroelectrochemical techniques instead of an ex-situ combination of spectroscopic and electrochemical methods, the main part of this review is focused on two topics: practical considerations for obtaining the optimal conditions for spectroelectrochemical measurements according to the spectroscopic or electrochemical technique selected, and considerations for the optimal design and construction of spectroelectrochemical cells with examples. The final outlook is intended to the use of spectroelectrochemical detectors in flow injection analysis (FIA) experiments. More than 300 references are collected covering the main contributions on this subject.
Racial and ethnic disparities in access to non-COVID-19 healthcare during the pandemic in the United States
(Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, 2026) Alghamdi, Abdullah A.; Goniewicz, Krzysztof; Gómez Salgado, Juan; Albaqami, Nawaf A.; Abahussain, Mohammed A.; Alwasedi, Afnan M.; Farhat, Hassan; Al-Wathinani, Ahmed M.
Access to healthcare-defined as the ability to obtain timely and necessary medical services - is critical during public health emergencies. The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic (2020–2021) substantially disrupted routine healthcare delivery in the United States, particularly affecting racial and ethnic minority groups who already face barriers to care. While previous studies have examined disparities in COVID-related outcomes, fewer have assessed racial differences in access to care for non-COVID-19 conditions over an extended pandemic period. This study investigated whether race and ethnicity were associated with limited or delayed access to non-COVID-19 healthcare services during the COVID-19 pandemic in the U.S. We used cross-sectional, nationally representative data from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) from July 2020 to December 2021. The analytic sample included 40,955 U.S. adults aged 25 years and older. Survey-weighted logistic regression models accounting for the NHIS complex sampling design (strata and primary sampling units) were used to estimate associations between race/ethnicity and 2 binary outcomes: inability to obtain needed non-COVID-19 medical care and delays in receiving such care, adjusting for demographic, socioeconomic, and health-related covariates. Complete-case analysis was used due to minimal missingness. Sensitivity analyses using alternative weight rescaling produced substantively similar results. All results are based on the weighted sample; however, unweighted results are provided in the appendix. Among respondents, 13.8% reported being unable to access needed care, and 21.5% reported delaying care during the pandemic. After adjustment, American Indian/Alaskan Native and multiracial individuals were significantly more likely to experience barriers to care, with lower odds of receiving needed care (odds ratio [OR] = 0.64; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.534–0.782) and higher odds of delay (OR = 1.5; 95% CI: 1.247–1.813). Non-Hispanic Asian respondents were least likely to delay care (OR = 0.67; 95% CI: 0.585–0.774). Racial and ethnic disparities in access to non-COVID-19 healthcare were observed throughout the pandemic period. The observed disparities are consistent with prior literature on inequities in healthcare access during public health emergencies and may help inform future research and policy discussions regarding healthcare access during future emergencies.
Lignin-enriched residues from bioethanol production: Chemical characterization, isocyanate functionalization and oil structuring properties
(Elsevier, 2021) Borrero López, Antonio María; Valencia Barragán, Concepción; Ibarra, David; Franco Gómez, José María
Lignin-enriched waste products from bioethanol production of agriculture residues were tested as structuring agents in castor oil once functionalized with hexamethylene diisocyanate. Cane bagasse, barley and wheat straw were processed through steam explosion, pre-saccharification and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (PSSF). Alternatively, cane bagasse was submitted to steam explosion and enzymatic hydrolysis (EH). Several Nuclear Magnetic Resonance techniques were used to characterize both residues and NCO-functionalized counterparts. The β-O-4′/resinol/phenylcoumaran content and hydroxyphenyl/guaiacyl/syringyl distribution depend on biomass source, pretreatment, and enzymatic hydrolysis. Total hydroxyl content (from 1.23 for cane bagasse to 1.85 for wheat straw residues), aromatic/aliphatic hydroxyl ratio (0.78 for cane bagasse and 0.61 and 0.49 for barley and wheat straw residues, respectively) and S/G ratio (ranging from 0.25 to 0.86) influence the NCO-functionalization and oleogel rheological response. Oleogels obtained with barley straw residues exhibited the highest values of the storage modulus; around 2 × 105 Pa and 104 Pa for 25% and 20% contents, respectively. PSSF process showed weaker modification, leading to softer viscoelastic response compared to EH. These oleogels exhibited rheological properties similar to lubricating greases of different NLGI grades. Therefore, we herein show an integrative protocol for the valorization of lignin-enriched residues from bioethanol production as potential thickeners of lubricating greases
Bioethanol lignin-rich residue from olive stones for electrospun nanostructures development and castor oil structuring
(Elsevier, 2023) Rubio Valle, José Fernando; Martín Alfonso, José Enrique; Eugenio, María Eugenia; Ibarra, David; Oliva, José Miguel; Manzanares, Paloma; Valencia Barragán, Concepción; Valencia Barragán, Concepción
This work describes the chemical and structural characterization of a lignin-rich residue from the bioethanol production of olive stones and its use for nanostructures development by electrospinning and castor oil structuring. The olive stones were treated by sequential acid/steam explosion pretreatment, further pre-saccharification using a hydrolytic enzyme, and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (PSSF). The chemical composition of olive stone lignin-rich residue (OSL) was evaluated by standard analytical methods, showing a high lignin content (81.3 %). Moreover, the structural properties were determined by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, and size exclusion chromatography. OSL showed a predominance of β-β′ resinol, followed by β-O-4′ alkyl aryl ethers and β-5′ phenylcoumaran substructures, high molecular weight, and low S/G ratio. Subsequently, electrospun nanostructures were obtained from solutions containing 20 wt% OSL and cellulose triacetate with variable weight ratios in N, N-Dimethylformamide/Acetone blends and characterized by scanning electron microscopy. Their morphologies were highly dependent on the rheological properties of polymeric solutions. Gel-like dispersions can be obtained by dispersing the electrospun OSL/CT bead nanofibers and uniform nanofiber mats in castor oil. The rheological properties were influenced by the membrane concentration and the OSL:CT weight ratio, as well as the morphology of the electrospun nanostructures.
How effective are regulation-based passive retrofits in adapting social housing to overheating scenarios?
(Elsevier, 2026) Sola Caraballo, Javier; López Cabeza, Victoria Patricia; Diz Mellado, Eduardo; Rivera Gómez, Carlos; Galán Marín, Carmen
Rising temperatures pose a significant challenge for obsolete buildings, which constitute up to 30% of Europe’s building stock. Current energy renovation policies, while effective for decarbonization, exhibit a critical ’winter bias.’ By prioritizing thermal insulation without mandating adaptive cooling strategies, these regulations risk locking social housing stock into a trajectory of structural overheating, exacerbating health risks in increasingly warm climates. Moreover, in situations where households cannot afford or use air-conditioning systems and high temperatures are frequent, building retrofits should prioritise both reducing winter heat losses and passively lowering indoor temperatures during the warmer season. This research, therefore, evaluates the effectiveness of these standards under climate change conditions by projecting towards a 2080-time horizon, analysing an archetypal mid-20th century social housing case, which operates passively like many of those in temperate and warm climates. Through an assessment with a prior diagnosis based on climate evolution scenarios, a thermoenergy analysis focused on passive comfort is carried out, analysing all representative dwellings of a whole neighbourhood. The results show that, while the initial retrofit based solely on current standards results in improvements in the cold season, summer conditions worsen and there is limited improvement on the annual average. As an alternative, this study proposes an adapted improvement based on intelligent ventilation control. This could be easily implemented in refurbished buildings, ensuring thermal comfort for more than 90% of the hours of the year without relying on active climate control systems.
Field pea breeding for integrated adaptation to biotic and abiotic stresses in Mediterranean rainfed agrosystems
(Elsevier, 2026) Jiménez Vaquero, Manuel Alejandro; Flores Gil, Fernando; Cobos Vázquez, María José; Rubiales Olmedo, Diego
Context: Improving adaptation of field pea (Pisum sativum L.) to Mediterranean rainfed systems requires considering the combined effects of climate factors and key biotic constraints, including parasitic weeds like broomrape (Oc) and foliar diseases such as powdery mildew and Ascochyta blight. However, the combination of these stresses remain insufficiently understood. Objectives: To quantify and compare the performance, stability, and response to stresses of novel pea breeding lines; to identify agronomic and climatic predictors of yield; and to guide pea breeding for adaptation to Mediterranean rainfed systems. Methods: In this study, nine advanced pea breeding lines developed under the IAS-CSIC breeding programme were compared with five commercial cultivars in multi-environment trials across three seasons. Agronomic, phenological, and disease-related traits were assessed and analysed using Genotype×Environment (G×E) and multivariate approaches to address yield stability and to inform selection under biotic and abiotic stresses. Results: Among the biotic constraints, Oc had the strongest negative impact on grain yield. Higher levels of Oc parasitism were favoured by spring rainfall and high temperatures, thereby altering crop–environment interactions. IAS-CSIC breeding lines showed superior resistance to Oc, with approximately 50% fewer Oc shoots per plant than commercial cultivars. Consequently, they achieved higher yields in Oc-infested environments (1742 vs 743 kg ha⁻¹). They also showed higher yields in Oc-free environments (3435 vs 2803 kg ha–1), highlighting consistent productivity and successful adaptation to Mediterranean rainfed systems. In Oc-free environments, abiotic-stress indices indicated that several breeding lines showed better yield maintenance than commercial cultivars under drier, hotter spring conditions. Rainfall showed beneficial or detrimental impacts on yield depending on the presence or absence of Oc. Several agronomic traits (i.e., plant height, crop appearance, lodging, and thermal time during pod filling) were consistent predictors of yield. The impact of powdery mildew on yield was limited under the studied conditions with several lines showing complete resistance. Multi-trait selection enabled the identification of breeding lines combining improved Oc resistance with yield stability and no trade-offs in agronomic traits or in response to other biotic stresses, particularly Cartujano, Chicana, and Pepapea. Conclusions and significance: Altogether, our results provide practical recommendations for growers in the Mediterranean region and methodological guidance for breeders. These findings illustrate the utility of combining resistance introgression, multi-trait selection, and trait-informed modelling as complementary strategies. This integrative framework may also support genetic improvement for adaptation to environments distinct from the original breeding context and exposed to diverse, and novel stresses.
Updated checklist of the vertebrate fauna of the Doñana Biosphere Reserve, Spain
(Pensoft Publishers, 2026) Román Sancho, Jacinto; Calzada Samperio, Javier; Navarro, Laetitia M.
The Doñana Biosphere Reserve is one of the most recognized and studied natural areas in the world, hence the importance of having an openly accessible species checklist. Previous lists are outdated, often have limited taxonomic scope, lack clearly defined inclusion and exclusion criteria, or are practically inaccessible. Here, an updated checklist of vertebrate species for the Doñana Biosphere Reserve based on explicit spatial, temporal, and biological criteria is presented, reviewed and complemented by expert zoologists. The resulting inventory includes 700 vertebrate species, with birds (60%) and fishes (26%) being the most diverse groups. Seven species are considered extinct in the region, two are possibly extinct (i.e., have not been recorded in the past decade), and 32 are classified as exotic. This updated and curated checklist fills a critical gap in regional biodiversity knowledge and establishes a robust foundation for future monitoring, research, and conservation efforts in this ecologically unique and increasingly threatened area of southwestern Europe.
Why Do International Patients Come Back? An S-O-R Explanation of Service Quality, Trust, and Satisfaction in Saudi Hospitals
(Dom Helder, 2026) Alruwaili, Khalid; Al-haimi, Basheer; Infante Moro, Alfonso; Alenzi, Salman
Medical tourism has become an increasingly competitive global industry, prompting healthcare destinations to focus on service excellence and long-term patient retention. Using the Stimulus–Organism–Response (SOR) framework, this study examined how service quality (stimulus) affects revisit intentions in Saudi hospitals, with patient satisfaction and trust as organism factors. Service quality is defined as a second-order construct comprising key aspects of healthcare service delivery. A quantitative research approach was adopted, with data collected from international patients in Saudi hospitals, yielding 220 samples. The model was analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results show that service quality has a strong, significant positive impact on both patient satisfaction and trust. Although satisfaction positively influences revisit intention, trust has an even greater effect, highlighting its vital role in shaping patients’ future behaviors in healthcare settings with high perceived risk. The findings confirm the SOR-based mechanism in which service quality serves as a core stimulus, influencing patients’ internal evaluations and subsequent willingness to revisit. This research contributes to the healthcare and medical tourism literature by empirically validating a comprehensive SOR-based model and emphasizing the importance of trust in maintaining patient relationships. In practice, these insights are valuable for healthcare policymakers and hospital managers in Saudi Arabia, especially in light of Saudi Vision 2030, by highlighting the need to improve service quality and to build trust to enhance patient loyalty and international competitiveness. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Parental Phubbing and Parenting Styles' Effect on Adolescent Bullying Involvement Depending on Their Attachments to Significant Adults
(Tech Science Press, 2026) Roh, Myunghoon; Parti, Katalin; Gómez Baya, Diego; Sanders, Cheryl E.; Englander, Elizabeth K.
Background: Bullying is a current social and educational problem with detrimental consequences in adolescence and later life stages. Previous research has explored the risk or protective factor at different socio-ecological levels, but further integration is needed to examine the relationships of family characteristics. This study examines how parenting style and attachment relate to adolescents’ bullying and cyberbullying, and whether parental phubbing mediates these links. Methods: Grounded in social bonding theory, we surveyed a cross-sectional convenience sample of U.S. college students (N = 545; Meanage = 19.60, SD = 1.41) who retrospectively reported middle/high-school experiences from Massachusetts, Colorado, and Virginia. Measures followed established traditions of bullying involvement, parenting style, and partner phubbing). Linear regressions tested associations among parenting style, attachment to parents/teachers, parental phubbing, and bullying/cyberbullying offending and victimization. Results: Stronger parental attachment and democratic (authoritative) parenting were associated with lower bullying victimization, and teacher attachment was protective for offline and overall offending. Critically, parents’ excessive personal technology use (phubbing) mediated the link between democratic parenting and bullying outcomes: high parental device use attenuated or nullified the protective association of democratic parenting. Conclusion: Findings reaffirm the value of nurturing, boundary-setting parenting and close parent–child/teacher bonds, while highlighting a contemporary risk—parental device-related inattention. Despite rapid technological change, the core need for stable human connection remains central to reducing bullying involvement.
Conceptual validation of a family-centered intervention for adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: insights from focus groups with healthcare professionals, patients, and families
(BioMed Central, 2026) Soares, Vânia Lídia; Sequeira, Carlos; Morais, Maria Carminda; Barbieri Figueiredo, Maria do Céu
Background: Diabetes mellitus is a global health challenge requiring sustained self-management. Evidence highlights the role of families in supporting adults with diabetes mellitus, yet many interventions fail to adopt structured, theory-informed, and family-centred approaches. To address this gap, the psychoeducational intervention "Juntos com a Família + Capazes" (Together with Family + Capable) was developed within the Medical Research Council Framework for Complex Interventions, integrating empirical evidence, theoretical models, and stakeholder input. This study conducted a pre-intervention conceptual validation, exploring perspectives of healthcare professionals, adults with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes mellitus, and family members on its structure, content, and feasibility. Methods: A qualitative descriptive design was applied. Focus groups interviews with healthcare professionals, adults with diabetes mellitus, and family members, were guided by a semi-structured interview guide. Sessions were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analysed using deductive qualitative content analysis with independent manual coding and consensus discussions. Results: Three focus groups were held (n = 19): two with healthcare professionals and one with adults with diabetes and family members, separated due to participant availability and feasibility constraints. Participants critically reflected on the pre-implementation conceptual design of the programme, described as a six-month intervention with a six-month follow-up, structured into seven modules and delivered flexibly across 7-12 sessions. They endorsed the overall structure and content while suggesting refinements to module sequencing and module titles. Participatory strategies, tailored motivational phone calls, and strong family involvement were considered essential for engagement, sustained behavioural change, and feasibility. Analysis revealed both convergent themes and stakeholder-specific perspectives, integrating clinical expertise with lived experience. Conclusions: The "Juntos com a Família + Capazes" programme was conceptually validated, prior to implementation, as a family-centred, theory-informed, and adaptable intervention for adults with diabetes mellitus and their families. This pre-implementation phase enables refinements to content, sequencing, language, and delivery strategies, strengthening cultural relevance, acceptability, and feasibility. Conducting conceptual validation before piloting ensured that both clinical expertise and lived experiences shaped the intervention, highlighting the value of focus groups in identifying adjustments that enhance its real-world applicability. Future research should evaluate its effectiveness, sustainability, and scalability across healthcare contexts.
Psychometric Properties of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) for Usein Digital Perinatal Mental Health Research: A Longitudinal Study Among Spanish Pregnant and Postpartum Women
(Wiley, 2026) Domínguez Salas, Sara; Gómez Gómez, Irene; Rodríguez Muñoz, María F.; Rodríguez Domínguez, Carmen; Gómez Baya, Diego; Motrico, Emma
Background: The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) is the most frequently used paper-and-pencil instrument for assessing perinatal depression in digital perinatal mental health research. However, the psychometric properties of the EPDS to be used in this context need to be established, and more evidence is needed regarding its internal factorial structure. Objective: To examine the psychometric properties of the EPDS for its use in digital perinatal mental health research. Methods: The sample, recruited online, consisted of 1222 pregnant and 1772 postpartum Spanish women. Three follow-up assessments were conducted over a 6-month period. Evidence of validity based on internal structure and relationships with other variables was provided. Reliability of the EPDS was evaluated through Cronbach’s alpha (α) and McDonald’s Omega (ω) coefficients. In addition, EPDS item analysis was performed. Results: Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) revealed a three-correlated-factor model (anhedonia, depression, and anxiety) that showed a good data fit by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) for pregnant (CFI = 0.995; NNFI = 0.993; RMSEA [95% CI] = 0.047 [0.032; 0.062]) and postpartum (CFI = 0.996; NNFI = 0.994; RMSEA [95% CI] = 0.039 [0.027; 0.051]) women. The three correlated-factor model showed measurement invariance across pregnant and postpartum women. EPDS total score and the three EPDS factors showed positive (r > 0.500; p < 0.001) correlation with the GAD-7 (anxiety symptoms) and the PTSD-checklist (post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms). Reliability coefficients (α and ω) exceeded 0.87 for both the total EPDS score and its three factors. Conclusions: The EPDS appears to be a suitable tool for assessing anhedonia, anxiety, and depression symptoms in digital perinatal mental health research. However, there is considerable variation among studies in item loadings and factors across the two- and three-factor models, indicating that more in-depth mixed-methods analyses are needed.
Generative Artificial Intelligence and Research Integrity: A Responsibility-Centred Framework
(Universidade do Algarve, 2026) Santos, José António C.; Puig Cabrera, Miguel; Custódio Santos, Margarida; Vargas Sánchez, Alfonso; Briones Peñalver, Antonio Juan
Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) is increasingly integrated into academic writing, research workflows, and editorial processes, raising fundamental ethical and governance concerns for scholarly publishing. This paper presents an integrative narrative review and conceptual synthesis of a large interdisciplinary corpus of Scopus-indexed literature on AI in academic research, publishing ethics, and editorial decision-making. The study pursues three interrelated aims: to clarify the ethical challenges associated with GenAI across research, peer review, and editorial decision-making; to systematise AI-assisted scholarly practices by distinguishing among integrity-compromising uses, ethically responsible uses, and persistent grey zones in which norms remain contested; and to develop a human-centred, context-sensitive governance perspective to guide authors, reviewers, and editors. The analysis identifies human epistemic responsibility as the central ethical concern, showing that risks arise not from AI itself but from the displacement or obscuring of accountable scholarly judgment. The study contributes a framework for the responsible integration of GenAI into scholarly research and publishing. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gender Perspective in Research on Child-to-Parent Violence: A Scoping Review
(Springer, 2026) Lago Urbano, Rocío; Baena Medina, Sofía; Lorence Lara, Bárbara; Arias Rivera, Shirley
Propose Child-to-parent violence (CPV) is an increasing issue affecting many families and has been examined from various approaches. However, the explicit incorporation of a gender perspective, which is crucial for understanding power dynamics and social roles within violence, remains limited and fragmented in existing research. This scoping review was conducted to address this gap by providing a comprehensive analysis of how the gender perspective is integrated into CPV studies. In doing so, the aim was to enhance current knowledge and guide more effective, gender-sensitive interventions in this field. Methods Studies from 2010 to 2025 were reviewed through the following databases: Scopus, Web of Science, Dialnet Plus and PsycInfo. Results A total of eighty-two studies was included. Most of the sample came from Spanish studies, with community samples, focusing on adolescents as informants. Concerning the approaches to gender integration, results show that most studies have focused on an approach to gender mostly incorporating sex differences in the type of violence, frequency and in psychological characteristics. Followed by the gender-specific modeling approach, in which studies have focused on including separate models for mothers/fathers, or daughters/son, while also including gender as a predictor or having an interaction effect with other predictive factors. Most studies have included either the aggressor’s gender or both the category mother/father, son/daughter. The least frequent studies were those approaching norms and gender roles explicitly. Conclusion The results suggest the need that research on CPV incorporate designs that explicitly allow a gender aproach beyond sociodemographic characteristics as to provide rigorous analyses that make structural inequalities visible, recognize differential patterns of aggression and victimization, and design interventions that are better suited to the complexity of the phenomenon.
Foraminifera and ostracods from the semiarid Carrizal Bajo coastal wetland, southern Atacama Desert
(Servicio Nacional de Geología y Minería, 2026) Abad de los Santos, Manuel; Ruiz Muñoz, Francisco; Viso, Antonio; Gómez Martín, Cristina; Bonnail, Estefanía; González-Regalado Montero, María Luz; Forch, Maximiliano; Izquierdo, Tatiana
This study analyzes both the texture and foraminiferal and ostracod assemblages of recent (Quaternary) sediments from the Carrizal Bajo wetland, in the southern Atacama Desert of northern Chile. A transect carried out from the infralittoral zone to the landward margin of the active wetland allowed four coastal sectors to be differentiated based on the distribution and abundance of these faunal groups. The infralittoral, shallow marine areas (sector 1) are composed of bioclastic sandy sediments extremely rich in foraminifera and ostracods, which contrast with their marked scarcity or absence in the very fine sands and very coarse muds of the adjacent intertidal-supratidal zones and washover fans (sector 2). Scarce resedimented shells of ostracods and the gastropod Heleobia copiapoensis characterize the peaty sandy muds of the lagoon bottom (sector 3), a hostile environment for the groups studied due to intermittent anoxic conditions and frequent changes in salinity. The innermost (landward) margin of the wetland (sector 4) is characterized by sandy silts with a rich freshwater fauna in the vicinity of springs, as well as an unexpected occurrence of resedimented marine foraminifera ~650 m inland. These results can be applied in future research related to investigating: 1) the environmental degradation of the system, should the density and diversity of these faunal groups decrease or even disappear over time; 2) the reconstruction of paleoenvironments in recent Quaternary deposits, in case the taxa determined are present in the fossil record; or 3) the identification of recent Quaternary tsunamigenic layers along this coastline, characterized by the presence of infralittoral species within aeolian or wetland sedimentary sequences. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Perspectivas de calidad de agua en la presa de Alcolea (Huelva): un enfoque predictivo ante la contaminación por drenaje ácido de mina
(Sociedad Geológica de España, 2026) Romero Matos, Jonatan; Amaya-Yaeggy, Gerardo A.; Sánchez López, Laura; Sánchez López, Laura
El drenaje ácido de mina (AMD) representa una grave amenaza para los recursos hídricos en cuencas mineras, como la del río Odiel (Huelva, España), donde se proyecta la presa de Alcolea. Este estudio evalúa la calidad del agua que embalsaría dicha presa durante un año hidrológico (2023–2024), considerando la severa afección por AMD de sus principales afluentes: Odiel y Oraque. Se realizó un monitoreo continuo del nivel y la calidad del agua, con especial atención a eventos de avenida, para estimar la concentración media mensual y cargas de acidez. Los resultados muestran que, aunque se registran mejoras puntuales durante crecidas, el pH se mantiene ácido o ligeramente ácido (2-6) y las concentraciones de metales exceden los límites para usos agrícolas y potables. Se estimaron cargas anuales de 73598 t de SO4 y 7400 t de Al-Cu-Fe-Mn-Zn. La presa recibiría una carga de sulfatos casi 2 veces superior a la que actualmente acidifica el embalse del Sancho, lo que sugiere un riesgo de acidificación desde el inicio del llenado. La comparación con otros embalses confirma la insuficiencia de procesos naturales de autodepuración en este contexto. Esto pone en duda la viabilidad de la presa sin una restauración previa integral a nivel de cuenca.

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