Movimientos en masa naturales o inducidos: nuevas aportaciones al estudio de inestabilidad de laderas en la provincia de León
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Abstract
Los movimientos en masa constituyen uno de los procesos geológicos con
mayor impacto socioeconómico en el mundo. La fuerte orografía, condicionada
por el factor litoestructural, y la concentración de precipitaciones en las áreas
montañosas constituyen los principales factores que condicionan y desencadenan la inestabilidad de las laderas en la provincia de León, estando ligados gran
parte de estos movimientos en masa a la acción natural. En este trabajo se analizaron dos movimientos con características morfológicas y litoestructurales
análogas situados en las comarcas de Ancares y La Cabrera, ambos caracterizados por la presencia de labores mineras auríferas romanas, que se extienden
a lo largo de los valles en los que se localizan. La cartografía realizada y la
fotointerpretación comparada de imágenes aéreas de diferentes periodos permiten analizar los factores condicionantes y desencadenantes de los mismos,
cuyo plano de rotura se caracteriza en ambos casos por la ausencia de grietas
de tracción y la presencia de cuarcitas y pizarras inalteradas con buzamientos
opuestos a la dirección de la pendiente. Asimismo, la localización de depresiones
alineadas, estructuras canalizadas y la sobreimposición de excavaciones sobre
el material deslizado parecen apoyar un posterior retrabajado antrópico, aunque
son necesarios futuros estudios para esclarecer si la génesis de ambos movimientos fue inducida por la acción humana
Mass movements are one of the geological processes with major socio-economic impact in the world. The strong topography and high rainfall concentration in mountainous areas are two of the main determining and triggering factors involved in the slope instability directly affecting the province of León. Until now, much of these mass movements were linked to the natural erosive action. In this work, we have analysed two landslides with similar morphological characteristics and litoestructural imprint in the areas of Ancares and La Cabrera. These valleys are characterized by the presence of Roman gold mining works that affect the entire valley. The geological and geomorphological mapping, and comparative photointerpretation of aerial images at different time records allow us to analyse the determining and triggering factors behind these mass movements, in which the rupture plane is characterised in both cases by the absence of tensile stress cracks and the presence of opposite dipping fresh quartzites and slates across the slope. Also, the existence of aligned depressions, channel structures and the superimposition of excavations on the slipped material, may support an anthropogenic origin for these mass movement, although further studies are needed to clarify their origin and possible relation to human-induced activity
Mass movements are one of the geological processes with major socio-economic impact in the world. The strong topography and high rainfall concentration in mountainous areas are two of the main determining and triggering factors involved in the slope instability directly affecting the province of León. Until now, much of these mass movements were linked to the natural erosive action. In this work, we have analysed two landslides with similar morphological characteristics and litoestructural imprint in the areas of Ancares and La Cabrera. These valleys are characterized by the presence of Roman gold mining works that affect the entire valley. The geological and geomorphological mapping, and comparative photointerpretation of aerial images at different time records allow us to analyse the determining and triggering factors behind these mass movements, in which the rupture plane is characterised in both cases by the absence of tensile stress cracks and the presence of opposite dipping fresh quartzites and slates across the slope. Also, the existence of aligned depressions, channel structures and the superimposition of excavations on the slipped material, may support an anthropogenic origin for these mass movement, although further studies are needed to clarify their origin and possible relation to human-induced activity







