Aspectos diferenciales del riesgo de abandono al inicio del tratamiento de la adicción a la cocaína en pacientes con trastornos de la personalidad
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Abstract
El objetivo de este trabajo fue conocer el riesgo de abandono del
tratamiento de pacientes en tratamiento por su adicción a la cocaína
en función de variables como la psicopatología en el Eje II, el nivel de
gravedad del ajuste psicológico o la impulsividad. La muestra estaba
compuesta por 95 pacientes, de los que el 53.7 % presentaba un
trastorno de la personalidad. Se utilizó una metodología descriptiva
que nos permitió conocer las correlaciones entre diferentes variables,
su capacidad predictiva y las diferencias entre grupos con respecto a
variables relacionadas con el abandono del tratamiento. Este trabajo
muestra que el riesgo de abandono durante los dos primeros meses no
viene determinado por la presencia de un trastorno de la personalidad.
En relación a los perfiles cognitivos de personalidad se comprueba que
el antisocial presenta más riesgo de abandono. El perfil de paciente
con más riesgo de abandono del tratamiento al iniciar el tratamiento
presenta un menor nivel de calidad de vida autopercibida y niveles
más elevados de impulsividad, en especial la experiencia de fuertes
impulsos bajo condiciones de afectos positivos. Se ha comprobado
que la presencia de sentimientos adversos como afectos, emociones,
sensaciones y sentimientos que afectan al paciente es la dimensión que
tiene un papel más destacado en el análisis del riesgo de abandono del
tratamiento. Este trabajo permite poner de relieve las variables que
deben atenderse con más especificidad desde el inicio del tratamiento
porque se han relacionado más claramente con un mayor riesgo de
abandono del tratamiento.
The aim of this study was to examine the link between psychosocial adjustment, impulsivity and comorbid Axis II psychopathology, and the risk of treatment dropout in cocaine dependent patients. The sample consisted of 95 cocaine dependent participants, 53.7% of whom had been diagnosed with Axis II personality disorders. We utilised a descriptive methodology, which allowed us to examine correlations between the different variables, group differences in these variables, and their ability to predict different dimensions associated with the risk of dropout. Results show that the risk of dropout during the first two months of treatment is not associated with the existence of comorbid personality disorders. With regard to the cognitive profiles of personality disorders, we show that the antisocial profile is associated with higher risk of dropout. The profile of patients at higher risk of treatment dropout is characterised by lower levels of perceived quality of life and elevated levels of impulsivity, especially the experience of strong impulses under positive affect. Therefore, the presence of psychological dimensions tightly associated with emotions, affects and subjective feelings are the more relevant to estimate the risk of treatment dropout in cocaine dependent patients. This study stresses the variables that need to be specifically addressed during early phases of cocaine addiction treatment, since they are associated with higher risk of treatment dropout.
The aim of this study was to examine the link between psychosocial adjustment, impulsivity and comorbid Axis II psychopathology, and the risk of treatment dropout in cocaine dependent patients. The sample consisted of 95 cocaine dependent participants, 53.7% of whom had been diagnosed with Axis II personality disorders. We utilised a descriptive methodology, which allowed us to examine correlations between the different variables, group differences in these variables, and their ability to predict different dimensions associated with the risk of dropout. Results show that the risk of dropout during the first two months of treatment is not associated with the existence of comorbid personality disorders. With regard to the cognitive profiles of personality disorders, we show that the antisocial profile is associated with higher risk of dropout. The profile of patients at higher risk of treatment dropout is characterised by lower levels of perceived quality of life and elevated levels of impulsivity, especially the experience of strong impulses under positive affect. Therefore, the presence of psychological dimensions tightly associated with emotions, affects and subjective feelings are the more relevant to estimate the risk of treatment dropout in cocaine dependent patients. This study stresses the variables that need to be specifically addressed during early phases of cocaine addiction treatment, since they are associated with higher risk of treatment dropout.
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Bibliographic citation
José Miguel Martínez González, Natalia Albein Urios, Oscar Martín Lozano Rojas, Antonio Verdejo García. Aspectos diferenciales del riesgo de abandono al inicio del tratamiento de la adicción a la cocaína en pacientes con trastornos de la personalidad. Adicciones: Revista de Socidrogalcohol, ISSN 0214-4840, Vol. 26, Nº. 2, 2014, págs. 116-125. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20882/adicciones.26.2














