¿Es útil la intervención psicológica en las Unidades de Rehabilitación Cardíaca?
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Abstract
Las enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECV) están
reduciendo su impacto gracias a la prevención y control
de sus factores de riesgo. La rehabilitación cardíaca
pretende fomentar una gestión saludable de
dichos factores, aunque, en España, la dotación de
programas de rehabilitación (PRC) está por debajo
de lo recomendado y menor aún el porcentaje que
incluye asistencia psicológica. Este estudio examina
los resultados obtenidos en factores psicosociales de
riesgo cardiaco en 905 pacientes cardíacos adscritos
a un PRC multidisciplinar, según la participación o no
en un programa psicológico (PP) incluido en el programa
general. Resultados: Los participantes del PP
(76.6%) mejoraron significativamente en todas las
variables evaluadas, con tamaños del efecto moderados,
destacando mejorías en depresión, ira, ansiedad
y calidad de vida. Los no participantes en PP (23.4%)
obtuvieron resultados más limitados y tamaños del
efecto menores. Conclusión: Se resalta la contribución
beneficiosa de la intervención psicológica en el
marco de los PRC por lo que se reclama aumentar la
presencia de dichas actuaciones
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are reducing their impact thanks to the prevention and control of their risk factors. Cardiac rehabilitation aims to promote a healthy management of these factors, although, in Spain, the provision of rehabilitation programs (CRP) is below the recommended and even lower the percentage that includes psychological assistance. This study examines the results obtained in psychosocial cardiac risk factors in 905 cardiac patients assigned to a multidisciplinary CRP, according to whether or not they participated in a psychological program (PP) included in the general program. Results: Participants in the PP (76.6%) improved significantly in all the variables evaluated, with moderate effect sizes, highlighting improvements in depression, anger, anxiety and quality of life. Nonparticipants in the PP (23.4%) had more limited results and smaller effect sizes. Conclusion: The beneficial contribution of psychological intervention in the framework of the CRP is highlighted, therefore it is claimed to increase the presence of said actions
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are reducing their impact thanks to the prevention and control of their risk factors. Cardiac rehabilitation aims to promote a healthy management of these factors, although, in Spain, the provision of rehabilitation programs (CRP) is below the recommended and even lower the percentage that includes psychological assistance. This study examines the results obtained in psychosocial cardiac risk factors in 905 cardiac patients assigned to a multidisciplinary CRP, according to whether or not they participated in a psychological program (PP) included in the general program. Results: Participants in the PP (76.6%) improved significantly in all the variables evaluated, with moderate effect sizes, highlighting improvements in depression, anger, anxiety and quality of life. Nonparticipants in the PP (23.4%) had more limited results and smaller effect sizes. Conclusion: The beneficial contribution of psychological intervention in the framework of the CRP is highlighted, therefore it is claimed to increase the presence of said actions
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