Elementos y arquetipos heroicos de la literatura épica grecorromana y de los textos caballerescos en torno a la biografía y al “viaje” en The Lord of the Rings de J. R. R. Tolkien
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Abstract
La presente investigación tiene como objetivo el estudio de los héroes de The Lord of the Rings de J. R. R. Tolkien. A través de los elementos que componen la biografía heroica y de las fases del viaje del héroe propuesto por Joseph Campbell (1969), se busca analizar el arquetipo del héroe y su evolución dentro de la tradición literaria, tomando como punto de comparación la épica clásica y los relatos caballerescos del ciclo artúrico. Esta revisión tiene como fin establecer una tipología heroica que permita poner en diálogo los elementos del héroe tradicional con aquellos que, a lo largo de la historia, se han ido incorporando y adaptando, de modo que cada época y cada cultura pueda generar una versión propia de este arquetipo, sin romper con la tradición literaria. Con una metodología comparatista se pretende poner en contraste los elementos que configuran el arquetipo heroico de la épica, la materia de bretaña y The Lord of the Rings. Analizar la manera en la que estos rasgos se transmiten y reelaboran permite establecer puntos de comparación, pero también de divergencia. Asimismo, hace posible, establecer, por un lado, una línea coherente en la que persiste el arquetipo y, por otro, comprender la singularidad de cada tradición.
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The aim of this research is to study the heroes that make up J. R. R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings. Through the elements that make up the heroic biography and the phases of the hero's journey proposed by Joseph Campbell (1969), we seek to analyse the archetype of the hero and its evolution within the literary tradition, taking as a point of comparison the classical epic and the chivalric tales of the Arthurian cycle. The aim of this review is to establish a heroic typology that allows for a dialogue between the elements of the traditional hero and those that, throughout history, have been incorporated and adapted, so that each era and each culture can generate its own version of this archetype, without breaking with literary tradition. Through comparative literature, a comparative methodology is used to contrast the elements that make up the heroic archetype in epic poetry, the Matter of Britain and The Lord of the Rings. Analysing the way in which these features are transmitted and reworked allows us to establish points of comparison, but also of divergence. Likewise, it makes it possible, on the one hand, to establish a coherent line in which the archetype persists and, on the other, to understand the uniqueness of each tradition.
The aim of this research is to study the heroes that make up J. R. R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings. Through the elements that make up the heroic biography and the phases of the hero's journey proposed by Joseph Campbell (1969), we seek to analyse the archetype of the hero and its evolution within the literary tradition, taking as a point of comparison the classical epic and the chivalric tales of the Arthurian cycle. The aim of this review is to establish a heroic typology that allows for a dialogue between the elements of the traditional hero and those that, throughout history, have been incorporated and adapted, so that each era and each culture can generate its own version of this archetype, without breaking with literary tradition. Through comparative literature, a comparative methodology is used to contrast the elements that make up the heroic archetype in epic poetry, the Matter of Britain and The Lord of the Rings. Analysing the way in which these features are transmitted and reworked allows us to establish points of comparison, but also of divergence. Likewise, it makes it possible, on the one hand, to establish a coherent line in which the archetype persists and, on the other, to understand the uniqueness of each tradition.













