Credibilidad y paradigma comunicacional. Nueva teoría y epistemología de la credibilidad desde la comunicación política
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Abstract
La presente tesis doctoral aborda el concepto de credibilidad desde la perspectiva de la comunicación política. Propone un replanteamiento teórico y epistemológico que supere visiones tradicionales. Se define la credibilidad como un fenómeno complejo y fluido, distinto de la confianza, estructurado en torno a tres elementos fundamentales: veracidad, incertidumbre y garantía vital. A través del modelo de la molécula de la credibilidad y con el uso de metáforas acerca de esta como un flujo, la investigación ofrece un marco innovador para comprender la dinámica de la credibilidad en contextos políticos y de comunicación. Metodológicamente, la investigación recurre a un enfoque mixto, pues combina entrevistas a profundidad a personas expertas, con dos fases cuantitativas (una encuesta y un estudio online). La primera para precisar el concepto de credibilidad. Los otros dos estudios se realizan con el objetivo de explorar la constatación como un espacio ciudadano y analizar la relación entre tres componentes esenciales propuestos y la credibilidad en el contexto democrático. La investigación, mediante análisis de regresión, confirma y valida la existencia de correlación estadística significativa entre estos componentes y la credibilidad, así como su impacto en la percepción política. Más allá del aporte teórico, la tesis ofrece herramientas prácticas para el análisis de la comunicación política, la comprensión de fenómenos contemporáneos como el populismo y la posverdad, así como el fortalecimiento de la Educomunicación para una recepción crítica de la información y su reconocimiento. El enfoque que se plantea abre nuevas oportunidades para líneas de investigación y aplicaciones en consultoría, medios y formación ciudadana. Permite evaluar cómo los actores políticos construyen credibilidad y combaten en el espacio de la opinión pública, concepto este último que también se replantea.
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This doctoral thesis addresses the concept of credibility from the perspective of political communication. It proposes a theoretical and epistemological rethinking that overcomes traditional views. Credibility is defined as a complex and fluid phenomenon, different from trust, structured around three fundamental elements: veracity, uncertainty and vital guarantee. Through the model of the credibility molecule and the use of metaphors about credibility as a flow, the research offers an innovative framework for understanding the dynamics of credibility in political and communication contexts. Methodologically, the research uses a mixed approach, combining in-depth interviews with experts with two quantitative phases (a survey and an online study). The first one to determine the concept of credibility. The other two studies are carried out with the aim of exploring the ascertainment as a citizen space and analyzing the relationship between the three essential components proposed and credibility in the democratic context. The research, through regression analysis, confirms and validates the existence of significant statistical correlation between these components and credibility, as well as their impact on political perception. Beyond the theoretical contribution, the thesis offers practical tools for the analysis of political communication, the understanding of contemporary phenomena such as populism and post-truth, as well as the strengthening of Educommunication for a critical reception of information and its recognition. The proposed approach opens new opportunities for lines of research and applications in consulting, media and citizen media literacy. It makes it possible to evaluate how political actors build credibility and fight in the public opinion space, a concept that is also being rethought.
This doctoral thesis addresses the concept of credibility from the perspective of political communication. It proposes a theoretical and epistemological rethinking that overcomes traditional views. Credibility is defined as a complex and fluid phenomenon, different from trust, structured around three fundamental elements: veracity, uncertainty and vital guarantee. Through the model of the credibility molecule and the use of metaphors about credibility as a flow, the research offers an innovative framework for understanding the dynamics of credibility in political and communication contexts. Methodologically, the research uses a mixed approach, combining in-depth interviews with experts with two quantitative phases (a survey and an online study). The first one to determine the concept of credibility. The other two studies are carried out with the aim of exploring the ascertainment as a citizen space and analyzing the relationship between the three essential components proposed and credibility in the democratic context. The research, through regression analysis, confirms and validates the existence of significant statistical correlation between these components and credibility, as well as their impact on political perception. Beyond the theoretical contribution, the thesis offers practical tools for the analysis of political communication, the understanding of contemporary phenomena such as populism and post-truth, as well as the strengthening of Educommunication for a critical reception of information and its recognition. The proposed approach opens new opportunities for lines of research and applications in consulting, media and citizen media literacy. It makes it possible to evaluate how political actors build credibility and fight in the public opinion space, a concept that is also being rethought.














