Influencia de los programas de fuerza en el bienestar materno-fetal desde la perspectiva enfermera. Revisión sistemática
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Abstract
Objetivos: El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los efectos de los diferentes programas de fuerza y resistencia en las mujeres durante el embarazo y en el feto.
Metodología: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica en las bases de datos Cochrane Library, Medline, CINAHL, LILACS, Embase y Scopus de artículos publicados entre enero del año 2000 y mayo 2017, que incluyeron los efectos de diversos programas de actividad física en la mujer embarazada
y el feto. La revisión sistemática siguió los criterios del protocolo de revisión Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA).
Resultados: Se revisó un total de 25 artículos a texto completo. La actividad física tiene efectos positivos en la mujer embarazada mostrando una reducción del riesgo de diabetes gestacional (Riesgo relativo=0,69; 95% intervalo de confianza 0,52-0,91; p=0,009), de partos prematuros y de
enfermedades crónicas como diabetes, obesidad e hipertensión. De igual forma, los resultados de Apgar al minuto y a los 5 minutos mejoran (95% intervalo de confianza, 0,00 a 0,16; p=0,063).
Conclusiones: Los programas de entrenamiento de fuerza y resistencia de intensidad moderada favorecen la prevención de enfermedades crónicas como la diabetes, obesidad e hipertensión, y en el feto existe una disminución de partos prematuros y una mejora en la adaptación del feto dentro
del útero, con mejores puntuaciones de Apgar.
Objectives. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of physical activity on women during pregnancy and in the fetus. Methodology. A literature review has been conducted on the Cochrane Library, Medline, CINAHL, LILACS, Embase and Scopus databases that were published between January 2000 and May 2017. Which included the effects of a physical activity program on pregnant women and obstetric outcomes. The systematic review was based on the criteria of the review protocol Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyzes (PRISMA). Results. A total of 25 articles were reviewed in full text. Physical activity has positive effects on the pregnant woman showing a reduction in the risk of gestational diabetes (relative risk = 0.69, 95% confidence interval 0.52-0.91, p = 0.009), premature births and diseases chronic as diabetes, obesity and hypertension. Furthermore, Apgar scores at the minute and at 5 minutes improvement (95% interval confidence interval, 0.00 to 0.16, p = 0.063). Conclusions. Moderate intensity strength and resistance training programs favors the prevention of chronic diseases such as diabetes, obesity and hypertension, and in the fetus there is a decrease in premature births and an improvement in the adaptation of the fetus inside the uterus, with better Apgar scores.
Objectives. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of physical activity on women during pregnancy and in the fetus. Methodology. A literature review has been conducted on the Cochrane Library, Medline, CINAHL, LILACS, Embase and Scopus databases that were published between January 2000 and May 2017. Which included the effects of a physical activity program on pregnant women and obstetric outcomes. The systematic review was based on the criteria of the review protocol Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyzes (PRISMA). Results. A total of 25 articles were reviewed in full text. Physical activity has positive effects on the pregnant woman showing a reduction in the risk of gestational diabetes (relative risk = 0.69, 95% confidence interval 0.52-0.91, p = 0.009), premature births and diseases chronic as diabetes, obesity and hypertension. Furthermore, Apgar scores at the minute and at 5 minutes improvement (95% interval confidence interval, 0.00 to 0.16, p = 0.063). Conclusions. Moderate intensity strength and resistance training programs favors the prevention of chronic diseases such as diabetes, obesity and hypertension, and in the fetus there is a decrease in premature births and an improvement in the adaptation of the fetus inside the uterus, with better Apgar scores.
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Bibliographic citation
Rodríguez-Díaz L, Vázquez-Lara JM, Fernández-Carrasco J, García-Iglesias JJ, Ayuso-Murillo D, Torres-Luque G, Gómez-Salgado J. Influencia de los programas de fuerza en el bienestar materno-fetal desde la perspectiva enfermera. Revisión sistemática. RqR Enfermería
Comunitaria (Revista de SEAPA). 2020 Agosto; 8 (3): 16-25.














