Pensamiento crítico de los jóvenes ciudadanos frente a las noticias en Chile
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Abstract
Fortalecer el pensamiento crítico de ciudadanos frente a noticias de Internet representa un desafío educativo clave. Los jóvenes
ciudadanos parecen vulnerables frente a noticias de mala calidad u orientaciones ideológicas poco explícitas. Desde la ciencia de
datos se desarrollan técnicas informáticas y estadísticas para recopilar prensa digital en tiempo real y caracterizarla automáticamente.
Sin embargo, existe poca investigación interdisciplinar para diseñar plataformas de exploración de datos al servicio de un
proceso educativo de ciudadanía crítica. Este artículo investiga esa oportunidad, mediante un estudio de caso en Chile que analiza
la capacidad crítica del alumnado frente a noticias de un hecho social relevante: la movilización social «No+AFP». A partir
de cuatro tareas en línea −realizadas por 75 estudiantes de secundaria, 55 estudiantes universitarios y 25 especialistas en comunicación−
preguntamos en qué medida los jóvenes son capaces de calificar titulares de prensa y orientaciones ideológicas de
medios de comunicación. Por otra parte, analizamos la influencia de la marca del medio y de la subjetividad que, frente al movimiento
social «No+AFP», imprime cada participante al pensamiento crítico. Los resultados obtenidos destacan la relevancia del
trabajo en grupo, la influencia de la marca del medio de prensa y la correlación entre tener una opinión definida y la capacidad
crítica
Strengthening critical thinking abilities of citizens in the face of news published on the web represents a key challenge for education. Young citizens appear to be vulnerable in the face of poor quality news or those containing non-explicit ideologies. In the field of data science, computational and statistical techniques have been developed to automatically collect and characterize online news media in real time. Nevertheless, there is still not a lot of interdisciplinary research on how to design data exploration platforms supporting an educational process of critical citizenship. This article explores this opportunity through a case study analyzing critical thinking ability of students when facing news dealing with the social mobilization “No+APF”. From data collected through 4 online exercises conducted by 75 secondary school students, 55 university students and 25 communication specialists, we investigate to what extent young citizens are able to classify news headlines and ideological orientation of news media outlets. We also question the influence of the media’s brand name and the subjectivity of each participant in regards to the social mobilization “No+APF”. The results underline the importance of group work, the influence of the brand name and the correlation between critical-thinking abilities and having a defined opinion
Strengthening critical thinking abilities of citizens in the face of news published on the web represents a key challenge for education. Young citizens appear to be vulnerable in the face of poor quality news or those containing non-explicit ideologies. In the field of data science, computational and statistical techniques have been developed to automatically collect and characterize online news media in real time. Nevertheless, there is still not a lot of interdisciplinary research on how to design data exploration platforms supporting an educational process of critical citizenship. This article explores this opportunity through a case study analyzing critical thinking ability of students when facing news dealing with the social mobilization “No+APF”. From data collected through 4 online exercises conducted by 75 secondary school students, 55 university students and 25 communication specialists, we investigate to what extent young citizens are able to classify news headlines and ideological orientation of news media outlets. We also question the influence of the media’s brand name and the subjectivity of each participant in regards to the social mobilization “No+APF”. The results underline the importance of group work, the influence of the brand name and the correlation between critical-thinking abilities and having a defined opinion
Keywords
Ciudadanía crítica; Pensamiento crítico; Educación en medios; Movilización social; Software educativo; Innovación tecnológica; Inteligencia colectiva; Análisis textual; Critical citizenship; Critical thinking; Media education; Social mobilization; Educational software; Technology innovation; Collective intelligence; Textual analysis







